Height and body mass index distribution in children and adolescents with and without spina bifida

Bertapelli, Fabio; Baptista, Cyntia Rogean de Jesus Alves de; Mattiello-Sverzut, Ana Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2023.07.002

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Sumário

Original article • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 100 (1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2023.07.002 copy

Height and body mass index distribution in children and adolescents with and without spina bifida

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

Children with spina bifida (SB) are at risk for stunting and overweight. However, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score distribution in children and adolescents with SB are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine height and BMI z-score distribution in Brazilian children and adolescents with and without SB. This study further aimed to examine whether height and BMI z-scores differ between individuals with and without SB.

Method

This study included 101 participants (SB: n= 18; non-SB: n= 83, aged 7-16 years). The World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software was used to calculate height and BMI z-scores. AnthroPlus z-score distribution graphs were used to examine individual z-scores based on the 2007 WHO normal distribution curve. Effects of the group (SB vs non-SB) on height and BMI z-scores were examined with sequential regression.

Results

In the WHO distribution graph analysis, height z-scores of participants with SB were slightly left-shifted compared to the WHO normal distribution curve. In the regression analysis, group (SB vs non-SB) was a significant predictor of height z-scores after controlling for sex and age (ΔR²= 0.064, p= 0.010). BMI z-scores of participants with SB were right-shifted compared to the WHO normal curve. However, there was no contribution of the group to BMI z-scores (ΔR²= 0.011, p= 0.301).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that Brazilian children and adolescents with SB may be at risk for reduced height and increased BMI.

KEYWORDS
Growth disorders; Overweight; Spina bifida; Children; Adolescents

Characteristics	Non-SB (n= 83)	SB (n= 18)	P
Male: Female (n)	46: 37	7: 11	0.205^b b Mann-Whitney U test.
Age (years)	12.13 ± 2.75	11.10 ± 2.49	0.158^b b Mann-Whitney U test.
Height (cm)	153.59 ± 15.21	142.89 ± 15.78	0.008^a a independent t-test. ^⁎ ⁎ p <0.05. †p <0.01.
BMI (kg•m⁻²)	20.21 ± 4.04	20.79 ± 4.46	0.424^b b Mann-Whitney U test.
WHO Height z-score	0.71 ± 1.32	−0.15 ± 1.45	0.015^a a independent t-test. ^⁎ ⁎ p <0.05. †p <0.01.
WHO BMI z-score	0.68 ± 1.08	0.98 ± 1.41	0.320^a a independent t-test.

		Regression Coefficient			Coefficient of determination
Dependent variable	Predictor	b	SE	p	R²	ΔR²	p
Height z-score	Sex	−0.209	0.276	0.451	0.024	0.024	0.124
	Age	−0.090	0.051	0.080	0.040	0.016	0.207
	Group	−0.923	0.352	0.010^* ⁎ p <0.05.	0.103	0.064	0.010^* ⁎ p <0.05.
	Intercept	1.901	0.614	0.003^† † p <0.01.
BMI z-score	Sex	−0.179	0.240	0.458	0.005	0.005	0.490
	Age	−0.007	0.044	0.867	0.006	0.001	0.715
	Group	0.318	0.306	0.301	0.017	0.011	0.301
	Intercept	0.851	0.534	0.114

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E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:acms@fmrp.usp.br (A.C. Mattiello-Sverzut).