FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DYNAPENIA IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL

Santos, Lucas dos; Silva, Rizia Rocha; Santana, Pabline dos Santos; Valença Neto, Paulo da Fonseca; Almeida, Cláudio Bispo de; Casotti, Cezar Augusto

doi:10.4025/JPHYSEDUC.V33I1.3342

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Original Article • J. Phys. Educ. 33 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.4025/JPHYSEDUC.V33I1.3342 copy

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DYNAPENIA IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL

FATORES ASSOCIADOS À DINAPENIA EM IDOSOS DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study identified factors associated with dynapenia in older adults residing in a small town in northeastern Brazil. It is a population-based study conducted with 208 senior citizens (58.7% women) from Aiquara, BA. Sociodemographic, behavioral and health information were obtained from face-to-face interviews, and nutritional status was assessed by body mass index. To measure their level of physical activity and sedentary behavior, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Dynapenia was diagnosed by sex, from the 25^th percentile of handgrip strength, by means of a hydraulic dynamometer. For inferential analyses, Poisson regression was used, with a robust estimator, calculation of Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). The prevalence of dynapenia was higher in older adults aged 70-79 (PR: 3.21; 95%CI: 1.55-6.64) and ≥80 years (PR: 4.91; 95%CI: 2.32-10.39), in those with low weight (PR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.26-3.82), in those who are insufficiently active (PR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.12-3.54), and among those with high level of sedentary behavior (PR: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.19-2.98). The factors identified as being associated with dynapenia were: age between 70 and 79 and ≥80 years, insufficient level of physical activity; high level of sedentary behavior, and low weight.

Keywords:
Aging; Epidemiology; Muscle strength

Variable	% of response	n	%
Sex	100.0
Female		112	58.7
Male		86	41.3
Age group	100.0
60-69 years		86	41.3
70-79 years		86	41.3
≥80 years		36	17.4
Skin color	97.1
Black		53	26.2
Non-black		149	73.8
Education	97.6
No		125	61.6
Yes		78	38.4
Family arrangement	99.5
Living with other people		176	85.0
Living alone		31	15.0
Marital status	100.0
Married/stable union		113	54.3
Single/separated		37	17.8
Widowed		58	27.9
Income	93.8
> 1 minimum wage		25	12.8
≤ 1 minimum wage		170	87.2
Tobacco smoking	100.0
No		189	90.9
Yes		19	9.1
Alcohol use	100.0
No		162	77.9
Yes		46	22.1
Level of physical activity	100.0
Sufficient		101	48.6
Insufficient		107	51.4
Sedentary behavior	100.0
Normal		146	73.7
High		52	26.3
Nutritional status	99.5
Low weight		62	30.0
Eutrophy		84	40.6
Overweight/obesity		61	29.5
Arterial hypertension	100.0
No		85	40.9
Yes		123	59.1
Diabetes mellitus	100.0
No		172	82.7
Yes		36	17.3
Occurrence of falls	98.1
No		174	85.3
Yes		30	14.7
Self-perception of health	98.1
Excellent/very good/good		105	51.5
Regular		76	37.3
Poor		23	11.2

Variables	Prevalence of dynapenia (%)	Gross PR	(95%CI)	p value*
Sex				0.977
Female	24.6	1
Male	24.4	0.99	(0.61-1.61)
Age group				<0.001
60-69 years	9.3	1
70-79 years	29.1	3.12	(1.49-6.53)
≥80 years	50.0	5.37	(2.57-11.22)
Skin color				0.049
Non-black	20.8	1
Black	34.0	1.63	(1.01-2.66)
Education				0.008
No	30.4	2.37	(1.25-4.48)
Yes	12.8	1
Family arrangement				0.268
Living with other people	23.3	1
Living alone	33.2	1.38	(0.77-2.46)
Marital status				0.040
Married/stable union	21.2	1
Single/separated	16.2	0.76	(0.33-1.72)
Widowed	36.2	1.70	(1.04-2.79)
Income				0.890
> 1 minimum wage	24.0	1
≤ 1 minimum wage	25.3	1.05	(0.50-2.21)
Tobacco smoking				0.185
No	25.9	1
Yes	10.5	0.40	(0.10-1.54)
Alcohol use				0.223
No	26.5	1
Yes	17.4	0.65	(0.33-1.29)
Level of physical activity				<0.001
Sufficient	12.9	1
Insufficient	35.5	2.75	(1.56-4.86)
Sedentary behavior				0.003
Normal	19.9	1
High	40.2	2.03	(1.27-3.23)
Nutritional status				0.008
Eutrophy	17.9	1
Low weight	38.7	2.16	(1.24-3.77)
Overweight/obesity	19.7	1.10	(0.55-2.18)
Arterial hypertension				0.549
No	22.4	1
Yes	26.0	1.16	(0.70-1.91)
Diabetes mellitus				0.941
No	24.4	1
Yes	25.0	1.02	(0.54-1.91)
Occurrence of falls				0.818
No	24.7	1
Yes	26.7	1.07	(0.56-2.06)
Self-perception of health				0.048
Excellent/very good/good	22.9	1
Regular	21.1	0.92	(0.52-1.61)
Poor	43.5	1.90	(1.06-3.41)

Level	Variables	Adjusted PR	(95%CI)	p value*
1	Age group			<0.001
	60-69 years	1
	70-79 years	3.21	(1.55-6.6)
	≥80 years	4.91	(2.32-10.39)
	Skin color			0.052
	Non-black	1
	Black	1.59	(0.99-2.54)
2	Level of physical activity			0.018
	Sufficient	1
	Insufficient	1.99	(1.12-3.54)
	Sedentary behavior			0.007
	Normal	1
	High	1.88	(1.19-2.98)
3	Nutritional status			0.016
	Eutrophy	1
	Low weight	2.20	(1.26-3.82)
	Overweight/obesity	1.60	(0.79-3.25)

Universidade Estadual de Maringá Avenida Colombo, 5790 - cep: 87020-900 - tel: 44 3011 4315 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: revdef@uem.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Lucas dos Santos. Endereço: Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n. Bairro: Jequiezinho, Jequié - BA, CEP [Postal code]: 45205-490. E-mail: lsantos.ed.f@gmail.com.