RELATIVE AGE EFFECT ON COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE IN JUDO ATHLETES

Lucena, Eduardo Victor Ramalho; Paes, Pedro Pinheiro; Correia, Gustavo Augusto Fernandes; Souza, Bruna Giovana Correia de; Sousa, Mayllane Pereira da Silva; Lira, Hugo Augusto Alvares da Silva

doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v31i1.3140

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Original Article • J. Phys. Educ. 31 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v31i1.3140 copy

RELATIVE AGE EFFECT ON COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE IN JUDO ATHLETES

EFEITO DA IDADE RELATIVA NO DESEMPENHO COMPETITIVO EM ATLETAS DE JUDÔ

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Differences in chronological age within an age group are known as Relative Age (RA), and their consequences to athletic performance are referred to as Relative Age Effect (RAE). The RAE among athletes is believed to affect their competitive success in several ways, even in adulthood. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the RAE on all judo fighters competing nationally in 2013, by age category and competitive performance. A total of 862 male and 637 female athletes participated in this research. The chi-squared test was used for comparing observed and expected values among quartiles, adopting p < 0.05 as significance. A Bonferroni post hoc analysis was employed to identify where significant differences were (adjusted p < 0.00417). Results showed significant differences in the male under-15 category (Q2 in G1: OV = 17; EV = 9.7; p = 0.001) and male under-23 category (Q1 in G3: OV = 37; VE = 10.1; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, RAE was identified only in male athletes. However, there were major discrepancies between athletes born in the first semester and those born in the second semester.

Keywords:
Age effect; Athletes; Martial Arts; Age groups; Athletic Performance

Under-13							Under-15
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total			Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total
G1	OV	14	7	8	3	32	G1	OV	11	17	1	3	32
	OV%	43.8	21.9	25	9.4	100		OV%	34.4	53.1	3.1	9.4	100
	EV	13.3	6.7	8.3	3.7	32		EV	10.6	9.7	5.3	6.4	32
	EV%	41.6	20.9	25.9	11.6	100		EV%	33.1	30.3	16.6	20.0	100
	AR	0.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.4			AR	0.2	3.2	-2.3	-1.7
	x²	0.09	0.02	0.02	0.19			x²	0.03	10.35	5.42	3
	p	0.77	0.9	0.9	0.66			p	0.86	0.001*	0.02	0.08
G2	OV	11	8	8	5	32	G2	OV	9	10	8	5	32
	OV%	34.4	25	25	15.6	100		OV%	28.1	31.2	25	15.6	100
	EV	13.3	6.7	8.3	3.7	32		EV	10.6	9.7	5.3	6.4	32
	EV%	41.6	20.9	25.9	11.6	100		EV%	33.1	30.3	16.6	20.0	100
	AR	-0.9	0.6	-0.1	0.7			AR	-0.7	0.1	1.5	-0.7
	x²	0.85	0.38	0.02	0.66			x²	0.46	0.02	2.15	0.53
	p	0.36	0.54	0.9	0.42			p	0.5	0.88	0.14	0.47
G3	OV	36	16	22	9	83	G3	OV	26	15	14	20	75
	OV%	43.4	19.3	26.5	10.8	100		OV%	34.7	20	18.7	26.7	100
	EV	34.4	17.5	21.5	9.6	83		EV	24.8	22.7	12.4	15.1	75
	EV%	41.4	21.1	25.9	11.6	100		EV%	33.1	30.3	16.5	20.1	100
	AR	0.5	-0.6	0.2	-0.3			AR	0.4	-2.8	0.7	2.1
	x²	0.28	0.38	0.04	0.1			x²	0.18	8.06	0.53	4.31
	p	0.6	0.54	0.84	0.76			p	0.67	0	0.47	0.04
Under-18							Under-21
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total			Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total
G1	OV	13	7	6	6	32	G1	OV	11	12	3	6	32
	OV%	40.6	21.9	18.8	18.8	100		OV%	34.4	37.5	9.4	18.8	100
	EV	12.7	8.1	5.2	6	32		EV	8.1	9.5	7	7.4	32
	EV%	39.7	25.3	16.3	18.8	100		EV%	25.3	29.7	21.9	23.1	100
	AR	0.1	-0.5	0.4	0.0			AR
	x²	0.09	0.02	0.02	0.19			x²	1.79	1.21	3.74	0.46
	p	0.77	0.9	0.9	0.66			p	0.18	0.27	0.05	0.5
G2	OV	15	8	5	4	32	G2	OV	4	8	7	9	28
	OV%	46.9	25	15.6	12.5	100		OV%	14.3	28.6	25	32.1	100
	EV	12.7	8.1	5.2	6	32		EV	7.1	8.3	6.1	6.5	28
	EV%	39.7	25.3	16.3	18.8	100		EV%	25.4	29.6	21.8	23.2	100
	AR	0.9	0.0	-0.1	-1.0			AR	1.0	-1.0	0.2	-0.1
	x²	0.85	0.38	0.02	0.66			x²	2.28	0.02	0.22	1.58
	p	0.36	0.54	0.9	0.42			p	0.13	0.88	0.64	0.21
G3	OV	33	24	14	19	90	G3	OV	20	21	20	17	78
	OV%	36.7	26.7	15.6	21.1	100		OV%	25.6	26.9	25.6	21.8	100
	EV	35.6	22.8	14.6	16.9	90		EV	19.8	23.2	17	18.1	78
	EV%	39.6	25.3	16.2	18.8	100		EV%	25.4	29.7	21.8	23.2	100
	AR	-0.9	0.5	-0.3	0.9			AR	1.0	-0.6	-0.8	0.3
	x²	0.28	0.38	0.04	0.1			x²	0.01	0.67	1.61	0.2
	p	0.6	0.54	0.84	0.76			p	0.93	0.41	0.21	0.66
Under-23							Senior
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total			Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total
G1	OV	4	9	6	13	32	G1	OV	10	8	7	7	32
	OV%	12.5	28.1	18.8	40.6	100		OV%	31.2	25	21.9	21.9	100
	EV	10.1	7.7	6.7	7.5	32		EV	8	8.3	6.8	9	32
	EV%	31.6	24.1	20.9	23.4	100		EV%	25.0	25.9	21.3	28.1	100
	AR	-2.6	0.6	-0.3	2.6			AR	0.9	-0.1	0.1	-0.9
	x²	6.84	0.35	0.1	6.66			x²	0.89	0.01	0.02	0.82
	p	0.01	0.55	0.75	0.01			p	0.35	0.91	0.9	0.36
G2	OV	6	7	12	7	32	G2	OV	6	7	11	8	32
	OV%	18.8	21.9	37.5	21.9	100		OV%	18.8	21.9	34.4	25	100
	EV	10.1	7.7	6.7	7.5	32		EV	8	8.3	6.8	9	32
	EV%	31.6	24.1	20.9	23.4	100		EV%	25.0	25.9	21.3	28.1	100
	AR	-1.8	-0.3	2.6	-0.2			AR	-0.9	-0.6	2.1	-0.5
	x²	3.09	0.12	6.89	0.06			x²	0.89	0.34	4.52	0.21
	p	0.08	0.73	0.01	0.81			p	0.35	0.56	0.03	0.65
G3	OV	37	20	13	15	85	G3	OV	16	18	9	21	64
	OV%	43.5	23.5	15.3	17.6	100		OV%	25	28.1	14.1	32.8	100
	EV	26.8	20.5	17.7	20	85		EV	16	16.5	13.5	18	64
	EV%	31.5	24.1	20.8	23.5	100		EV%	25.0	25.8	21.1	28.1	100
	AR	3.6	-0.2	-1.9	-1.9			AR	0.0	0.6	-1.9	1.2
	x²	13.17	0.04	3.65	3.76			x²	0	0.37	3.8	1.39
	p	0.001*	0.84	0.06	0.05			p	1	0.54	0.05	0.24

Under-13							Under-15
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total			Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total
G 1	OV	12	7	8	5	32	G 1	OV	12	9	7	4	32
	OV%	37.5	21.9	25	15.6	100		V%	37.5	28.1	21.9	12.5	100
	EV	13.1	7.9	6.7	4.3	32		EV	10.3	7.7	8.9	5.1	32
	EV%	40.9	24.7	20.9	13.4	100		EV%	32.2	24.1	27.8	15.9	100
	AR	-0.5	-0.5	0.7	0.5			AR	0.8	0.6	-0.9	-0.7
	x²	0.23	0.21	0.46	0.21			x²	0.59	0.4	0.75	0.42
	P	0.63	0.65	0.5	0.65			p	0.44	0.53	0.39	0.52
G 2	OV	13	8	5	6	32	G 2	OV	8	7	11	6	32
	OV%	40.6	25	15.6	18.8	100		OV%	25	21.9	34.4	18.8	100
	EV	13.1	7.9	6.7	4.3	32		EV	10.3	7.7	8.9	5.1	32
	EV%	40.9	24.7	20.9	13.4	100		EV%	32.2	24.1	27.8	15.9	100
	AR	0.0	0.0	-0.9	-1.1			AR	-1.0	-0.3	1.0	0.5
	x²	0.002	0.001	0.79	1.17			x²	1.05	0.12	1	0.24
	P	0.96	0.97	0.37	0.28			p	0.31	0.73	0.32	0.63
G3		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total	T		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total
	OV	18	11	9	3	41		OV	16	11	13	8	48
	OV%	43.9	26.8	22	7.3	100		OV%	33.3	22.9	27.1	16.7	100
	EV	16.8	10.2	8.6	5.5	41		EV	15.4	11.6	13.3	7.7	48
	EV%	41.0	24.9	21.0	13.4	100		EV%	32.1	24.2	27.7	16.0	100
	AR	0.5	0.4	0.2	-1.5			AR	0.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.1
	x²	0.24	0.15	0.04	2.11			x²	0.05	0.07	0.01	0.02
	p	0.62	0.69	0.84	0.15			p	0.82	0.8	0.9	0.88
Under-18							Under-21
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total			Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total
G1	OV	12	9	7	4	32	G1	OV	11	5	7	9	32
	OV%	37.5	28.1	21.4	12.5	100		OV%	34.4	15.6	21.9	28.1	100
	EV	8.4	8.2	9.1	6.3	32		EV	8.4	8.2	9.1	6.3	32
	EV%	26.3	25.6	28.4	19.7	100		EV%	26.3	25.6	28.4	19.7	100
	AR	1.6	0.4	-1.0	-1.2			AR	1.3	-1.5	-1.4	1.9
	x²	2.72	0.15	0.93	1.33			x²	2.72	0.15	0.93	1.33
	p	0.1	0.7	0.34	0.25			p	0.1	0.7	0.34	0.25
G2	OV	4	7	13	8	32	G2	OV	7	13	10	2	32
	OV%	12.5	21.4	40.6	25	100		OV%	21.9	40.6	31.3	6.3	100
	EV	8.4	8.2	9.1	6.3	32		EV	8.4	8.2	9.1	6.3	32
	EV%	26.3	25.6	28.4	19.7	100		EV%	26.3	25.6	28.4	19.7	100
	AR	-2.0	-0.5	1.7	0.9			AR	-0.5	2.1	0.1	-1.9
	x²	4.15	0.3	3	0.8			x²	4.15	0.3	3	0.8
	p	0.04	0.58	0.08	0.37			p	0.04	0.58	0.08	0.37
G3	OV	19	18	18	14	69	G3	OV	10	9	17	8	44
	OV%	27.5	26.1	26.1	20.3	100		OV%	22.7	20.5	38.6	18.2	100
	EV	18.2	17.6	19.7	13.5	69		EV	18.2	17.6	19.7	13.5	69
	EV%	26.4	25.5	28.6	19.6	100		EV%	26.4	25.5	28.6	19.6	100
	AR	0.3	0.1	-0.7	0.2			AR	-0.7	-0.6	1.2	0.0
	x²	0.11	0.02	0.43	0.05			x²	0.11	0.02	0.43	0.05
	p	0.74	0.89	0.51	0.82			p	0.74	0.89	0.51	0.82
Under-23							Senior
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total			Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Total
G1	OV	11	7	9	5	32	G1	OV	8	7	8	9	32
	OV%	34.4	21.9	28.1	15.6	100		OV%	25	21.9	25	28.1	100
	EV	8.2	7.5	9.7	6.6	32		EV	8.1	6.8	8.5	8.5	32
	EV%	25.6	23.4	30.3	20.6	100		EV%	25.3	21.3	26.6	26.6	100
	AR	1.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.9			AR	-0.1	0.1	-0.3	0.2
	x²	1.91	0.07	0.09	0.73			x²	0.003	0.01	0.08	0.06
	p	0.17	0.79	0.76	0.39			p	0.95	0.92	0.78	0.81
G2	OV	5	10	11	6	32	G2	OV	9	7	7	6	29
	OV%	15.6	31.3	34.4	18.8	100		OV%	31	24.1	24.1	20.7	100
	EV	8.2	7.5	9.7	6.6	32		EV	7.3	6.2	7.7	7.7	29
	EV%	25.6	23.4	30.3	20.6	100		EV%	25.2	21.4	26.6	26.6	100
	AR	-1.5	1.2	0.6	-0.3			AR	0.9	0.5	-0.4	-0.9
	x²	2.34	1.49	0.38	0.11			x²	0.81	0.22	0.15	0.86
	P	0.13	0.22	0.54	0.74			p	0.37	0.64	0.69	0.35
G3	OV	11	8	12	11	42	G3	OV	2	2	5	5	14
	OV%	26.2	19	28.6	26.2	100		OV%	14.3	14.3	35.7	35.7	100
	EV	10.7	9.9	12.7	8.7	42		EV	3.5	3	3.7	3.7	14
	EV%	25.5	23.6	30.2	20.7	100		EV%	25.0	21.4	26.4	26.4	100
	AR	0.1	-0.9	-0.3	1.1			AR	-1.1	-0.7	0.8	0.8
	x²	0.02	0.79	0.09	1.25			x²	1.11	0.51	0.72	0.72
	P	0.89	0.37	0.77	0.26			p	0.29	0.48	0.4	0.4

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E-mail: revdef@uem.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Eduardo Victor Ramalho Lucena. Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife - PE, CEP: 50730-120. E-mail: edu.personal.judo@gmail.com

Brazilian Championships	N (M/F)	Age (Mean ± SD)	Competition dates and places	Birth year
Under-13	147/105	11.93 ± 0.56/ 11.88 ± 0,57	03 to 04/08/13 - JP/PB	2001 and 2002
Under-15	139/112	13.94 ± 0.58/ 13.84 ± 0,55	21 to 22/09/13 - PV/RO	1999 and 2000
Under-18	154/133	16.45 ± 0.76/ 15.95 ± 0,86	25 to 26/05/13 - FO/CE	1996 to 1998
Under-21	145/108	18.35 ± 1.17/ 17.77 ± 1,51	18 to 19/05/13 - SF/BA	1993 to 1998
Under-23	149/106	19.60 ± 1.94/ 18.57 ± 2,23	23 to 24/08/13 - MA/RJ	1991 to 1998
Senior	128/75	24.63 ± 4.63/ 23.68 ± 5,31	05 to 06/10/13 - MA/AM	Before 1998