Impact of social distancing in response to COVID-19 on hospitalizations for laryngitis, tracheitis, otitis media, and mastoiditis in children aged 0 to 9 years in Brazil

Jesus, Clovisa Reck de; Rosa, Aline Antônia Souto; Meneses, Amanda da Silva; Agostini, Angélica Conzati; Merten, Fernanda Bercht; Ferrão, Sofia Moreira; Martins, Luíza Costa Silveira; Friedrich, Frederico Orlando; Pinto, Leonardo Araújo

doi:10.36416/1806-3756/e20210229

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Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • J. Bras. Pneumol. 47 (6) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20210229 copy

Impact of social distancing in response to COVID-19 on hospitalizations for laryngitis, tracheitis, otitis media, and mastoiditis in children aged 0 to 9 years in Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of social distancing resulting from COVID-19 in hospitalizations for infections of the upper airways (URTI), such as acute laryngitis, tracheitis, and otitis media in children aged 0 to 9 years in Brazil, considering that they share the same forms of transmission.

Methods

Data on hospitalizations for acute airway changes and their complications in children <9 years old were obtained from the Database of the Brazilian Department of Public Health Informatics for the period 2015 to 2020. These data were also analyzed by macroregions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Midwest). The effect of the social distancing strategy on the increase of acute laryngitis, tracheitis, otitis media, and mastitis, as absolute and relative reductions, was calculated by analyzing the annual calculation of 2015-2019 vs 2020.

Results

All the hospitalizations compared in the Unified Health System (SUS) for laryngitis and acute tracheitis and otitis media decreased, considering all states of Brazil. The largest reduction in hospitalization reduction was in the North, with -94% in 2015-2019 vs 2020 in cases of laryngitis and acute tracheitis, and in the Midwest, with - 85% in 2015-2019 vs 2020 in cases of otitis media.

Conclusion

Hospitalizations for laryngitis, acute tracheitis, and acute otitis media in children <9 years old decreased between March and July 2020 in Brazil, when social distancing measures were adopted due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
COVID-19; Laryngitis; Otitis media; Confinement; Children; Hospitalization

	Laryngitis and Traqueite ^* * Average monthly incidence per 100,000 children.						Otitis Media*						Malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage (Control)*
	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
January	1.60	1.32	1.50	1.58	1.47	1.37	1.23	1.30	1.45	1.41	1.88	1.72	0.31	0.28	0.32	0.38	0.37	0.40
February	1.85	1.54	2.27	1.69	1.57	1.72	1.04	1.18	1.22	1.16	1.40	1.55	0.30	0.25	0.25	0.28	0.33	0.30
March	2.96	2.84	3.28	2.84	2.62	1.93	1.27	1.38	1.64	1.66	1.71	1.35	0.36	0.36	0.32	0.24	0.36	0.36
April	2.94	2.90	2.92	3.06	2.80	0.41	1.26	1.52	1.60	1.67	1.87	0.47	0.32	0.33	0.26	0.28	0.35	0.27
May	2.93	2.58	2.60	2.97	2.60	0.21	1.39	1.50	1.61	1.79	2.01	0.38	0.26	0.35	0.35	0.27	0.36	0.31
June	2.69	2.17	2.37	2.54	2.05	0.21	1.41	1.42	1.72	1.51	2.17	0.35	0.30	0.33	0.31	0.29	0.25	0.26
July	2.00	1.85	1.98	1.98	1.68	0.21	1.47	1.57	1.59	1.72	1.98	0.30	0.29	0.40	0.26	0.30	0.33	0.15
Average Jan-July	2.42	2.17	2.42	2.38	2.11	0.87	1.30	1.41	1.55	1.56	1.86	0.87	0.31	0.33	0.30	0.29	0.34	0.29
Δ %	January-July (2015-2019) vs January-July (2020) -62%						January-July (2015-2019) vs January-July (2020) -43%						January-July (2015-2019) vs January-July (2020) -0.06%

	Laryngite and Tracheite¹		Relative difference in rate²		Otitis Media¹		Relative difference in rate²
	April-July 2015-2019	April-July 2020	%	IRR (CI)*	April-July 2015-2019	April-July 2020	%	IRR (CI)*
Brazil	9.92	1.05	- 89%	0.10 [0.01 to 0.79]*	6.55	1.50	- 77%	0.22 [0.03 to 1.35]*
North	20.2	1.15	- 94%	0,05 [0,00 to 0,37]*	4.63	1.24	- 73%	0.26 [0,03 to 1,94]*
Northeast	7.65	0.69	- 91%	0.09 [0,00 to 1.06]*	5.05	1.83	- 64%	0,36 [0,06 to 1,96]*
Southeast	7.28	1.25	- 83%	0.17 [0.02 to 1.14]*	7.25	1.41	- 80%	0.19 [0.03 to 1.18]*
South	11.9	0.92	- 92%	0.07 [0,00 to 0,64]*	9.43	1.61	- 83%	0.17 [0.03 to 0.90]*
Midwest	13.1	1.41	- 89%	0.10 [0.01 to 0.61]*	6.55	0.99	- 85%	0.15 [0.01 to 1.25]*

Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia SCS Quadra 1, Bl. K salas 203/204, 70398-900 - Brasília - DF - Brasil, Fone/Fax: 0800 61 6218 ramal 211, (55 61)3245-1030/6218 ramal 211 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: jbp@sbpt.org.br

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[1] Clovisa Reck de Jesus. Centro Infantil, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Tel.: 55 51 3320-3000. E-mail: clovisareckj@gmail.com