Comparação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de crianças/adolescentes com asma e de seus cuidadores: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Roncada, Cristian; Medeiros, Tássia Machado; Strassburger, Márcio Júnior; Strassburger, Simone Zeni; Pitrez, Paulo Márcio

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Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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Brasil

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Sumário

META-ANÁLISE • J. bras. pneumol. 46 (03) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20190095 copiar

Comparação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de crianças/adolescentes com asma e de seus cuidadores: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo:

Avaliar e comparar os níveis de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de crianças/adolescentes com asma e de seus cuidadores.

Métodos:

Revisão sistemática e meta-análise baseada nos critérios de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, com estratégia de busca em cinco bases de dados em saúde (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, SciELO e LILACS). Foram incluídos estudos que avaliaram a QVRS de crianças/adolescentes com asma e de seus cuidadores por meio dos escores totais e dos domínios limitação de atividades, sintomas (somente crianças/adolescentes) e função emocional do Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire e do Pediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectivamente.

Resultados:

Do total de 291 artigos identificados, 133 foram avaliados e 33 foram incluídos na meta-análise, totalizando 4.101 sujeitos. A análise estratificada por tipo de delineamento não mostrou diferenças entre a QVRS de cuidadores e de crianças/adolescentes no domínio limitação de atividades e no escore total. Contudo, houve diferenças das médias no domínio função emocional em estudos longitudinais e ensaios clínicos randomizados - estudos transversais: Δ = −0,20 (−0,03 a 0,43); estudos longitudinais: Δ = 0,82 (0,21-1,44); e ensaios clínicos randomizados: Δ = 0,52 (0,29-0,79) - sendo que os cuidadores apresentaram menores escores que as crianças/adolescentes com asma.

Conclusões:

Os escores da QVRS entre cuidadores e crianças/adolescentes com asma demonstraram ser semelhantes quanto aos escores totais, mas divergiram na percepção das limitações emocionais, visto que os cuidadores apresentaram escores significativamente menores que as crianças/adolescentes nesse domínio.

Descritores:
Asma; Qualidade de vida; Inquéritos e questionários

Autores	Ano	País	Delineamento de estudo	Faixa etária do grupo com asma, anos	Sujeitos avaliados, n
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Características	Resultados
Amostra total^b	4.101 (100,0)
Crianças/adolescentes com asma
Sexo masculino (n = 4.101)	2.495 (60,8)
Idade, anos (n = 3.660)	10,3 ± 4,0
Etnia caucasiana (n = 1.018)	699 (68,7)
Asma leve/moderada (n = 1.149)	896 (78,0)
Tratamento medicamentoso (n = 2.549)
IP	1.240 (48,7)
SABA	814 (31,9)
LABA	495 (19,4)
Asma controlada (n = 1.063)	576 (54,2)
ACQ (n = 585)	1,0 ± 0,8
C-ACT (n = 553)	21,4 ± 2,6
ACT (n = 1.000)	20,2 ± 2,8
Rinite (n = 422)	157 (37,2)
Atopia (n = 441)	307 (69,5)
Função pulmonar
VEF₁, % predito (n = 2.303)	92,0 ± 14,6
CVF, % predito (n = 1.427)	97,3 ± 13,8
Relação VEF₁/CVF (n = 495)	0,8 ± 0,1
FeNO (n = 858)	31,4 ± 16,9
PAQLQ (crianças/adolescentes)
Limitação de atividades (n = 2.796)	5,1 ± 1,1
Sintomas (n = 2.618)	5,2 ± 1,1
Função emocional (n = 2.796)	5,6 ± 1,0
Escore total (n = 4.101)	5,5 ± 1,0
PACQLQ (cuidadores)
Limitação de atividades (n = 2.491)	5,3 ± 1,2
Função emocional (n = 2.607)	5,1 ± 1,1
Escore total (n = 4.101)	5,4 ± 1,0

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