The Aircraft Choice Based on the Aircraft Take-Off Runway Length Requirement

Narcizo, Rodolfo Romboli; Alves, Cláudio Jorge; Caetano, Mauro

doi:10.5028/jatm.v12.1167

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ORIGINAL PAPER • J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag. 12 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v12.1167 copy

The Aircraft Choice Based on the Aircraft Take-Off Runway Length Requirement

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The choice of fleet by a given airline must consider different elements associated with both the aircraft and the airports to be operated, making it necessary a method to assist the aircraft choice process. This study assesses the take-off runway distance requirement of different aircraft models and compares the requirement to the take-off runway distance available at a group of airports. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), the methodology consider the analysis of take-off runway length available on 80 Brazilian airports and compared it to the take-off distance required for 108 combinations of aircraft model, engine model and flight range, considering the take-off performance of the aircraft models with maximum payload weight. In total, 536 routes of four Brazilian airlines has been adopted to simulate the most profitable operating scenario. The result presents the take-off performance of different aircraft models and allows a performance comparison between them. In addition, this research investigates which is the most common flight range in Brazil, and what influence it exerts in the aircraft take-off performance, and contributes to a better match between the aircraft used and the airport operated in fleet optimization.

KEYWORDS:
Air transportation; Airline fleet planning; Runway length

Flight range up to	Routes		Number of scheduled flights daily		Weekly flight frequencies
Flight range up to	Quantity	% Share	Quantity	% Share	Quantity	% Share
500 nm	290	54.10	2365	67.48	10884	66.53
1000 nm	165	30.78	780	22.25	3617	22.11
1500 nm	79	14.74	352	10.04	1830	11.19
2000 nm	2	0.37	8	0.23	28	0.17
Total	536	100	3505	100	16359	100

Fictional aircraft model	Flight range
Fictional aircraft model	500 nm	1000 nm	1500 nm	2000 nm
Take-off distance required	1300 m	1500 m	1700 m	1800 m
Number of suitable airports	79	69	54	46
ToPerf (Equation 2)	0.975	0.744	0.456	0.331
Share of weekly flight frequencies	66.53%	22.11%	11.19%	0.17%
ToPerfMkt (Equation 3)	0.865

Runway length category (m)	Runway distance available				Take-off runway distance required per flight range
	Real runway length		Equivalent runway length^* * The equivalent runway length runway equals to the real runway length, but considering the barometric pressure and reference altitude balance of ICAO (2006), as mentioned in previous sections.		500 nm		1000 nm		1500 nm		2000 nm
	Airports	%	Airports	%	Acft's	%	Acft's	%	Acft's	%	Acft's	%
1000-1499	2	2.5	11	13.8	16	59.3	10	37.0	5	18.5	2	7.4
1500-1999	24	30.0	32	40.0	11	40.7	15	55.6	16	59.3	11	40.7
2000-2499	29	36.3	22	27.5	0	0.0	2	7.4	5	18.5	9	33.3
2500-2999	16	20.0	13	16.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.7	5	18.5
3000-3499	7	8.8	1	1.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
3500-3999	1	1.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
4000-4499	1	1.3	1	1.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	80	100	80	100	27	100	27	100	27	100	27	100

Aircraft Characteristics				ToPerf_HHIjk						ToPerfMkt_HHIj
Manufacturer	Model	Seats (single-class)	Engine model (Takeoff thrust)	HHI_ 500 nm	HHI_ 1000 nm	HHI_ 1500 nm	HHI_ 2000 nm	Model average	Manufacturer average	HHI_j	Manufacturer average
Airbus	A318-100	132	CFM56 Series (24500 to 32900 lb)	1.000	0.810	0.744	0.581	0.784	0.618	0.928	0.761
Airbus	A318-100	132	PW6000 (22000 to 24000 lb)	0.810	0.744	0.581	0.303	0.609		0.769
Airbus	A319-100	156	IAE V2500 Series (23000 to 26600 lb)	1.000	1.000	0.975	0.810	0.946		0.997
Airbus	A320-200	180	CFM56 Series (27980 to 30000 lb)	0.788	0.581	0.345	0.263	0.494		0.692
Airbus	A321-100/200	220	IAE V2500 Series (30400 to 32000 lb)	0.581	0.375	0.263	0.106	0.331		0.499
Boeing	B737-300	134	CFM56-3B1 (20,000 lb)	0.581	0.375	0.150	0.035^* * For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in less than 250 nm.	0.285	0.425	0.487	0.594
Boeing	B737-300	134	CFM56-3B2 (22,000 lb)	0.810	0.581	0.331	0.214^* * For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in less than 250 nm.	0.484		0.705
Boeing	B737-400	159	CFM56-3B2 (22,000 lb)	0.544	0.331	0.150	0.045^* * For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in less than 250 nm.	0.267		0.452
Boeing	B737-500	122	CFM56-3B1 (20,000 lb)	0.810	0.620	0.375	0.150^* * For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in less than 250 nm.	0.489		0.718
Boeing	B737-600	130	CFM56-7B18/-7B20 (20,000 lb)	0.975	0.744	0.375	0.263^* * For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in less than 250 nm.	0.589		0.856
Boeing	B737-600	130	CFM56-7B22 (22,000 lb)	1.000	1.000	0.810	0.620^* * For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in less than 250 nm.	0.858		0.978
Boeing	B737-700/W	148	CFM56-7B26 (26,000 lb)	0.810	0.788	0.766	0.701	0.766		0.800
Boeing	B737-700ER/EWR/C/CW	148	CFM56-7B20/-7B22/-7B24 (20,000 lb)	0.456	0.263	0.083	0.008	0.202		0.370
Boeing	B737-700ER/EWR/C/CW	148	CFM56-7B26/-7B27 (26,000 lb)	0.879	0.810	0.744	0.581	0.754		0.848
Boeing	B737-800	184	CFM56-7B24/-7B26/-7B27 (26,000 lb)	0.581	0.331	0.250	0.150	0.328		0.488
Boeing	B737-900/W	189	CFM56-7B24/-7B26 (24,000 lb)	0.263	0.150	0.035	0.008	0.114		0.212
Boeing	B737-900ER	189	CFM56-7B26/-7B27 (26,000 lb)	0.263	0.150	0.106	0.035^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.138		0.220
Embraer	E170STD	78	CF34-8E5 (14500 lb)	1.000	1.000	0.879^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.744^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.906	0.749	0.986	0.930
Embraer	E175STD	86	CF34-8E5 (14500 lb)	1.000	0.810^* * For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in less than 250 nm.	0.601^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.106^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.629		0.912
Embraer	E190STD	106	CF34-10E5 / -10E6 (20360 lb)	1.000	0.810	0.744^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.544^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.774		0.929
Embraer	E195STD	118	CF34-10E5A1 / -10E6A1 / -10E7 (20360 lb)	0.975	0.810^* * For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in less than 250 nm.	0.581^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.375^ For this flight range, this aircraft model requires a tradeoff between payload (decrease) and fuel (increase) to augment the flight range in more than 250 nm.	0.685		0.894

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[1] *Correspondence author: caetano@ita.br