Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens

ARAÚJO, Lélia Lima; LOURENÇO, Talita Gomes Baêta; COLOMBO, Ana Paula Vieira

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0359

Lélia Lima ARAÚJO

Data curation (Equal)

Investigation (Equal)

Methodology (Lead)

Project administration (Equal)

Validation (Equal)

Visualization (Equal)

Writing – original draft (Lead)

Writing – review & editing (Equal)

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (Periodontia), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-9881

Talita Gomes Baêta LOURENÇO

Methodology (Equal)

Project administration (Equal)

Supervision (Equal)

Validation (Equal)

Visualization (Equal)

Writing – original draft (Equal)

Writing – review & editing (Equal)

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-3620

Ana Paula Vieira COLOMBO

Conceptualization (Lead)

Data curation (Lead)

Formal analysis (Lead)

Funding acquisition (Lead)

Investigation (Equal)

Methodology (Equal)

Project administration (Lead)

Resources (Lead)

Supervision (Equal)

Validation (Equal)

Visualization (Equal)

Writing – review & editing (Equal)

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (Periodontia), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-1840

Corresponding address: Ana Paula Vieira Colombo Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes - CCS/UFRJ - Bloco I - lab. I2-03 - Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - 21941-902 - Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro - Brasil. e-mail: apcolombo@micro.ufrj.br

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Clinical data of the study population (n=413).

Box plots represent the distribution in quartiles of mean % of sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) of 5-6 mm; PPD >6 mm; clinical attachment level (CAL) of 4-5 mm; CAL >5 mm; visible supragingival plaque (PL), marginal gingival bleeding (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and calculus (CA). Whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values; circles indicate outliers. All parameters differed significantly among groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05). *Refers to significant differences between periodontal health and gingivitis; #between gingivitis and periodontitis and $between periodontal health and periodontitis groups (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05).

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Figure 2
Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm.

(A) Bars represent the relative frequency (%) of putative and potential novel periodontal pathogens across the periodontal clinical groups. (B) Columns represent the % of pathogens in subgingival biofilm of 209 individuals with periodontitis according to stages of disease severity. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa); Aa JP2: highly leukotoxic strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans . *Significant differences between disease and health; χ² test; p<0.05.

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Figure 3
Periodontal consortia associated with periodontal diseases.

Columns represent observed (dark) and expected (dashed) counts of different bacteria combined and as single species in subgingival biofilm samples. (A) Consortia exclusively predominant in patients with periodontitis (n=209). (B) F. alocis (Fa) + P. gingivalis (Pg) were frequently detected in both gingivitis (n=91) and periodontitis samples. The combination of D. pneumosintes (Dp) + F. alocis (Fa) was rarely detected in gingivitis, but frequently observed in periodontitis. *Significant differences between observed and expected counts (χ² test; p<0.05). (C) The frequency (%) of periodontal bacteria in combinations was computed for 413 individuals presenting probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) > and ≤ the median values (PPD=2.27 mm; % sites BOP=20.7). The consortia Aa + Fa + Dp was the only one significantly more prevalent in patients with high number of deep pockets (χ²=37, phi=0.501, p<0.001) and bleeding sites (χ²=31, phi=0.458, p<0.001) compared to healthier individuals.

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Table 1
Socio-demographic data of the study population

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Table 2
Stepwise regression analysis (backward Wald method) using sociodemographic parameters and microbial consortia as predictors of disease severity (mild disease = stages I and II; advanced disease = stages III and IV of periodontitis)

Parameters	Periodontal Health (n = 113)	Gingivitis (n = 91)	Periodontitis (n = 209)
Mean (SD) Age (years)*	27.2 (10.2)	30.1 (12.6)	43.6 (13.0)
Gender (%)
Females	68.1	70.3	60.3
Males	31.9	39.7	39.7
Race (%)†
White	69.0‡	46.2	39.3
African-American	8.0	17.6	25.4
Others	23.0	36.3	35.3
Education (%)†
Middle School	1.8	5.6	22.9
High School	8.8	50.6	39.9
Higher Education	89.4‡	43.8	37.2
Monthly family income (%)†
≤ 2 minimum wage	18.0	52.8	66.7
> 2 minimum wage	82.0	47.2	33.3
Smoking (%)†
Non-smokers	93.8	90.1	83.7
Former smokers	4.4	1.1	13.4
Current smokers	1.8	8.8	2.9

Predictor variables	β	SE of β	Wald χ² test	p	Odds ratio	95% CI of OR
						Lower	Upper
Constant	-4,655	0.889	27.41	<0.001	0.01
Age	0.107	0.018	35.02	<0.001	1.11	1.07	1.15
Race (African-american heritage)	0.636	0.236	7.29	0.007	1.89	1.19	2.99
Aa + P. gingivalis + D. pneumosintes	1.113	0.365	9.29	0.002	3.04	1.49	6.22

[1] Corresponding address: Ana Paula Vieira Colombo Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes - CCS/UFRJ - Bloco I - lab. I2-03 - Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - 21941-902 - Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro - Brasil. e-mail: apcolombo@micro.ufrj.br

Brasil

Brasil

Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens ^* * This study derives from a Master dissertation, available at https://catalogodeteses.capes.gov.br/catalogo-teses

Abstract

Objective

Methodology

Results

Conclusion

Brasil

Brasil

Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens * * This study derives from a Master dissertation, available at https://catalogodeteses.capes.gov.br/catalogo-teses

Abstract

Objective

Methodology

Results

Conclusion

Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens ^* * This study derives from a Master dissertation, available at https://catalogodeteses.capes.gov.br/catalogo-teses