Synopsis of the parasitic wasps <i>Bephrata</i> (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

This study is focused on the parasitic wasps Bephrata Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), a small and poorly represented genus in entomological collections. Herein we report new geographical records to Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904), B. bouceki Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894), B. leptogaster Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. lorraineae Gates & Hanson, 2009, B. ruficollis Cameron 1884 and B. ticos Gates & Hanson, 2009. Except for B. bahiae, B. chica Gates & Hanson, 2009 and B. christeri Gates & Hanson, 2009, all other studied species were recorded for the first time to Brazil. Additionally, we provide maps with the geographical distribution of the studied species based on the new records and literature data, and an identification key for the species recorded in Brazil. With these new records there are currently nine species of Bephrata known in Brazil.

KEYWORDS.
Egg parasitoids; extension of geographic range; Eurytominae; Neotropical Region; Tettigoniidae

Authorship

Nelson W. Perioto

Instituto Biológico. Av. Bandeirantes, 2419, 14030-670 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.Instituto BiológicoBrazilRibeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Instituto Biológico. Av. Bandeirantes, 2419, 14030-670 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-0730

Daniell R. R. Fernandes

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaBrazilManaus, AM, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-6349

Rogéria I. R. Lara

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-9081

Marcelo T. Tavares

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoBrazilVitória, ES, Brazil Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-9843

José A. Rafael

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-0514

nperioto2@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (12)

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Figs 1, 2.
Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904Ashmead, W. H. 1904. Classification of the chalcid flies of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museum, collected in South America by Herbert H. Smith. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1(4):i-xi, 225-551, 39pls.): 1, lateral habitus, female; 2, distribution map; red circles; previous records, blue circles = new records.

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Figs 3, 4.
Bephrata boucekiGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 3, lateral habitus; 4, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circle = new record.

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Figs 5, 6.
Bephrata chicaGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 5, lateral habitus, female, holotype (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m30b51a95d-d90f-4fd3-9216-f4711473e5fa); 6, distribution map; red circles = previous records.

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Figs 7, 8.
Bephrata christeriGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 7, lateral habitus; 8, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circle = new record.

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Figs 9, 10.
Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894Ashmead, W. H. 1894. Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21:318-344.): 9, lateral habitus, female; 10; distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

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Figs 11, 12.
Bephrata leptogasterGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 11, lateral habitus; 12, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

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Figs 13, 14.
Bephrata lorraineaeGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 13, lateral habitus, female; 14, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

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Fig 15.
Bephrata lorraineaeGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.. Seasonality at the Capim-Açu trail, Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Pernambuco, Brazil, 2019-2020.

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Figs 16, 17.
Bephrata ruficollisCameron, 1884Cameron, P. 1884. Fam. Chalcididae. [continued]. In: Godman, F. & Salvin, D. eds. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Hymenoptera (Families Tenthredinidae-Chrysididae). vol. 1, 486 pp.: 16, lateral habitus; 17, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

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Figs 18, 19.
Bephrata ticosGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 18, lateral habitus, female; 19, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circle = new record.

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Figs 20-25.
20, Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894Ashmead, W. H. 1894. Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21:318-344.) female, anterior surface of procoxa without sinuous groove, indicated by red arrow; 21, Bephrata ruficollisCameron, 1884Cameron, P. 1884. Fam. Chalcididae. [continued]. In: Godman, F. & Salvin, D. eds. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Hymenoptera (Families Tenthredinidae-Chrysididae). vol. 1, 486 pp., female, anterior surface of procoxa with sinuous groove, indicated by red arrow; 22, Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894Ashmead, W. H. 1894. Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21:318-344.) female, metatibia with shorter apical spur peglike, indicated by red arrow; 23, Bephrata ruficollis Cameron, 1884, female, metatibia with shorter apical pointed spur, indicated by red arrow; 24, Bephrata ticosGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73., female, dorsal-posterior part of head entirely black, indicated by red arrow; 25, Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904Ashmead, W. H. 1904. Classification of the chalcid flies of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museum, collected in South America by Herbert H. Smith. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1(4):i-xi, 225-551, 39pls.) female, dorsal-posterior part of head with yellow area between occiput and ocellar area, indicated by red arrow.

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Figs 26-31.
26, Bephrata leptogasterGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73., female, gaster narrow and elongate, length 6× or more maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; 27, Bephrata christeriGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73. (Holotype) (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m374c43804-1831-4ccc-9bd2-c54f54c050ba), gaster less elongate, no more than 5× maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; gaster less elongate, no more than 5× maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; 28, Bephrata chica Gates & Hanson, 2009 (Holotype) (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m30b51a95d-d90f-4fd3-9216-f4711473e5fa), female, metacoxa almost entirely yellowish brown colored, indicated by red arrow; metacoxa almost entirely yellowish brown colored, indicated by red arrow; 29, Bephrata lorraineaeGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73., female, metacoxa completely yellow, indicated by red arrow; 30, Bephrata christeriGates & Hanson, 2009 Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.(Holotype), pronotum dorsally entirely yellow in female, indicated by red arrow; 31, Bephrata lorraineaeGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73., (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m34d2c5ccf-363b-4300-a545-56bbbed8c3ed), pronotum dorsally entirely yellow in female, indicated by red arrow; pronotum dorsally with extensive black in female, indicated by red arrow.

Figs 1, 2. Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904Ashmead, W. H. 1904. Classification of the chalcid flies of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museum, collected in South America by Herbert H. Smith. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1(4):i-xi, 225-551, 39pls.): 1, lateral habitus, female; 2, distribution map; red circles; previous records, blue circles = new records.

Figs 3, 4. Bephrata boucekiGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 3, lateral habitus; 4, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circle = new record.

Figs 5, 6. Bephrata chicaGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 5, lateral habitus, female, holotype (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m30b51a95d-d90f-4fd3-9216-f4711473e5fa); 6, distribution map; red circles = previous records.

Figs 7, 8. Bephrata christeriGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 7, lateral habitus; 8, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circle = new record.

Figs 9, 10. Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894Ashmead, W. H. 1894. Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21:318-344.): 9, lateral habitus, female; 10; distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

Figs 11, 12. Bephrata leptogasterGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 11, lateral habitus; 12, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

Figs 13, 14. Bephrata lorraineaeGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 13, lateral habitus, female; 14, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

Fig 15. Bephrata lorraineaeGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.. Seasonality at the Capim-Açu trail, Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Pernambuco, Brazil, 2019-2020.

Figs 16, 17. Bephrata ruficollisCameron, 1884Cameron, P. 1884. Fam. Chalcididae. [continued]. In: Godman, F. & Salvin, D. eds. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Hymenoptera (Families Tenthredinidae-Chrysididae). vol. 1, 486 pp.: 16, lateral habitus; 17, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

Figs 18, 19. Bephrata ticosGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.: 18, lateral habitus, female; 19, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circle = new record.

Figs 20-25. 20, Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894Ashmead, W. H. 1894. Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21:318-344.) female, anterior surface of procoxa without sinuous groove, indicated by red arrow; 21, Bephrata ruficollisCameron, 1884Cameron, P. 1884. Fam. Chalcididae. [continued]. In: Godman, F. & Salvin, D. eds. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Hymenoptera (Families Tenthredinidae-Chrysididae). vol. 1, 486 pp., female, anterior surface of procoxa with sinuous groove, indicated by red arrow; 22, Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894Ashmead, W. H. 1894. Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21:318-344.) female, metatibia with shorter apical spur peglike, indicated by red arrow; 23, Bephrata ruficollis Cameron, 1884, female, metatibia with shorter apical pointed spur, indicated by red arrow; 24, Bephrata ticosGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73., female, dorsal-posterior part of head entirely black, indicated by red arrow; 25, Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904Ashmead, W. H. 1904. Classification of the chalcid flies of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museum, collected in South America by Herbert H. Smith. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1(4):i-xi, 225-551, 39pls.) female, dorsal-posterior part of head with yellow area between occiput and ocellar area, indicated by red arrow.

Figs 26-31. 26, Bephrata leptogasterGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73., female, gaster narrow and elongate, length 6× or more maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; 27, Bephrata christeriGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73. (Holotype) (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m374c43804-1831-4ccc-9bd2-c54f54c050ba), gaster less elongate, no more than 5× maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; gaster less elongate, no more than 5× maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; 28, Bephrata chica Gates & Hanson, 2009 (Holotype) (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m30b51a95d-d90f-4fd3-9216-f4711473e5fa), female, metacoxa almost entirely yellowish brown colored, indicated by red arrow; metacoxa almost entirely yellowish brown colored, indicated by red arrow; 29, Bephrata lorraineaeGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73., female, metacoxa completely yellow, indicated by red arrow; 30, Bephrata christeriGates & Hanson, 2009 Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73.(Holotype), pronotum dorsally entirely yellow in female, indicated by red arrow; 31, Bephrata lorraineaeGates & Hanson, 2009Gates, M. W. & Hanson, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18(1):25-73., (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m34d2c5ccf-363b-4300-a545-56bbbed8c3ed), pronotum dorsally entirely yellow in female, indicated by red arrow; pronotum dorsally with extensive black in female, indicated by red arrow.

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Synopsis of the parasitic wasps <i>Bephrata</i> (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

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[1] nperioto2@gmail.com