The creative power of net-activism of native peoples in Brazil1

Studies show that the dissemination of discriminatory views and stereotypes by commercial media do not go towards defending the rights of native peoples in Brazil. However, there are few studies on how native peoples use technologies to communicate and deal with such discrimination. This article looks to fill this gap by presenting the results of a study on the subject, aimed at producing scientific knowledge about the indigenous network known as Mídia India and their presence on Instagram. We achieved this by conducting a narrative analysis of 31 posts from 2019 in response to stereotypes and hegemonic degrading views. The results suggest that this network differs itself by holding constructive dialogues about stereotypes and questioning them in order to generate serious thought and deconstruct the stereotypes.

Keywords
Native people; Indigenous people; Net-activism; Narrative; Mídia Índia

Authorship

Danilo Rothberg

(Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes, Comunicação e Design, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação. Bauru – SP, Brazil).(Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes, Comunicação e Design, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação. Bauru – SP, Brazil).(Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes, Comunicação e Design, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação. Bauru – SP, Brazil).

Danilo Rothberg Professor of the Postgraduate Program in Communication at Unesp (São Paulo State University). Associate Professor in Sociology of Communication at Unesp. CNPq Productivity Scholarship. Co-author of “Participation and responsibility in public journalism” (Cultura Acadêmica), and the author of “Public Journalism’’ (Unesp) and other articles published in journals. E-mail: danilo.rothberg@unesp.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3103-8154

Nayla Brisoti Barbeta

Nayla Brisoti Barbeta Master by the Postgraduate Program in Communication at the Faculty of Architecture, Arts, Communication and Design (FAAC) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP, 2022). Title obtained with the financial support of the CAPES Social Demand Program. Graduated in Social Communication – Qualification in Journalism from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS, 2017). E-mail: nayla.brisoti@unesp.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-2018

Ana Beatriz Grandini Casali da Silva

Ana Beatriz Grandini Casali da Silva Master by the Postgraduate Program in Communication at the Faculty of Architecture, Arts, Communication and Design (FAAC) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP, 2022). Graduated in Journalism from Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC, 2017). E-mail: beatriz.casali@unesp.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-9723

Thais Aparecida de Mello Barion

Thais Aparecida de Mello Barion Graduated in Social Communication - Qualification in Journalism (2019), and Master by the Postgraduate Program in Communication of the Faculty of Architecture, Arts, Communication and Design (FAAC) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP (2022) , with CAPES support. E-mail: thais.barion@unesp.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-9623

Danilo Rothberg

Professor of the Postgraduate Program in Communication at Unesp (São Paulo State University). Associate Professor in Sociology of Communication at Unesp. CNPq Productivity Scholarship. Co-author of “Participation and responsibility in public journalism” (Cultura Acadêmica), and the author of “Public Journalism’’ (Unesp) and other articles published in journals. E-mail: danilo.rothberg@unesp.br.

Nayla Brisoti Barbeta

Master by the Postgraduate Program in Communication at the Faculty of Architecture, Arts, Communication and Design (FAAC) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP, 2022). Title obtained with the financial support of the CAPES Social Demand Program. Graduated in Social Communication – Qualification in Journalism from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS, 2017). E-mail: nayla.brisoti@unesp.br.

Ana Beatriz Grandini Casali da Silva

Master by the Postgraduate Program in Communication at the Faculty of Architecture, Arts, Communication and Design (FAAC) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP, 2022). Graduated in Journalism from Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC, 2017). E-mail: beatriz.casali@unesp.br.

Thais Aparecida de Mello Barion

Graduated in Social Communication - Qualification in Journalism (2019), and Master by the Postgraduate Program in Communication of the Faculty of Architecture, Arts, Communication and Design (FAAC) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP (2022) , with CAPES support. E-mail: thais.barion@unesp.br.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Editor: Maria Ataide Malcher

Editorial assistant: Weverton Raiol

Authors’ contribution

Danilo Rothberg, Nayla Brisoti Barbeta, Ana Beatriz Grandini Casali da Silva e Thais Aparecida de Mello Barion actively participated in all stages of the manuscript’s preparation.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (12)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Image taken from the Mídia India Instagram profile, published on 01/14/2019² 2 Text: Hands United! Comments: Resist to Exist.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 04/11/2019³ 3 Comments: We are genuine indigenous people because our resistance is not a lie. Where is our identity? Our culture defines what being indigenous is, but our identity lies also in resisting the colonization that tried to destroy part of our being, and when they couldn’t end “our life” they tried to end our “way of life” because the way of life is what identifies us.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 04/11/2019⁴ 4 Text: Move aside, we use body paint and headdresses. Comments: Wearing fewer clothes and covering our bodies in paint has never killed anyone, but your racism and ultraconservatism has already killed many of our ancestors, killed our bodies, and killed our identity when you imposed another culture and another faith on us, demonizing our way of thinking about religion. Take your racism and conservatism out of here, we are using our body paint, our headdresses, our clothes and our identity.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 04/10/2019⁵ 5 Text: Are you really indigenous? No, I’m a mirage, and you, are you really white? Comments: That’s how it is most of the time! That’s true. I can’t take anymore. I’m mulato.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 03/19/2019⁶ 6 Text: There are many Indians in Brazil. Comments: Our cultural diversity!

Thumbnail

Figure 6
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 06/24/2019⁷ 7 Comments: The first victim of homophobia in Brazil was an INDIGENOUS PERSON, in 1614 Tibira was murdered. Today, in 2019, we are Tibira, we are indigenous and we are LGBTQ; colonization can no longer kill us. We are not a mistake, we are not immoral, we are sons, daughters and children of nature, and she does not make mistakes. May we continue to live and learn that love and respect is what we need.

Thumbnail

Figure 7
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 12/24/2019⁸ 8 Comments: “Did you know that the first case of homophobia in Brazil was against an indigenous person? In 1614, the French missionary Yves d’Evreux (1577 - 1632), of the Capuchin Order, issued the arrest, torture and execution of Tibira, from the Tupinambá tribe, under the pretense of ‘purifying the land of the abominable sin of sodomy’”, says Andre Bernardo. Tibira fled, but was captured by the French, with the help of some Indians. “He was tied at the waist to the mouth of a cannon, where they threw iron at his feet”, his body was torn apart.

Thumbnail

Figure 8
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 05/11/2019⁹ 9 Text: My cell phone doesn’t make me any less indigenous! Your fake headdress doesn’t make you indigenous! Comments: Wow, there are so many people who need to understand this... If I could, I would put this drawing up on a giant billboard.

Thumbnail

Figure 9
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 11/26/2019¹⁰ 10 Comments: Connected with the forest.

Thumbnail

Figure 10
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 05/01/2019¹¹ 11 Text: It’s time to demarcate the canvas! Communicate to fight! Comments: New technologies allow us to monitor our territory, give visibility to our struggle, telling our story as it really should be told.

Thumbnail

Figure 11
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 05/16/2019¹² 12 Text: When you are born poor, and an Indian, studying is the best form of rebellion against the system. Comments: When you are born poor, and an Indian, studying is the best form of rebellion against the system.

Thumbnail

Figure 12
Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 05/21/2019¹³ 13 Text: University. Law. Comments: Santa Inês hosts seminar on indigenous education. Believing in the importance of education as a tool for transformation, empowerment and plurality in society, the Institute of Society, Population and Nature (ISPN) and the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhao (IFMA - Campus Santa Inês) announces the “Seminar on Challenges and Perspectives of Access and Permanence of the Guajajara to University and Technical Education”, in concert with the third Indigenous Week, between the 22nd and 24th of this month. The seminar will bring together about 100 people, including youths and indigenous leaders, teachers, researchers.

Figure 1 Image taken from the Mídia India Instagram profile, published on 01/14/2019² 2 Text: Hands United! Comments: Resist to Exist.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BsnlAcLH32N.

Figure 2 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 04/11/2019³ 3 Comments: We are genuine indigenous people because our resistance is not a lie. Where is our identity? Our culture defines what being indigenous is, but our identity lies also in resisting the colonization that tried to destroy part of our being, and when they couldn’t end “our life” they tried to end our “way of life” because the way of life is what identifies us.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BwIfj-xH3ri.

Figure 3 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 04/11/2019⁴ 4 Text: Move aside, we use body paint and headdresses. Comments: Wearing fewer clothes and covering our bodies in paint has never killed anyone, but your racism and ultraconservatism has already killed many of our ancestors, killed our bodies, and killed our identity when you imposed another culture and another faith on us, demonizing our way of thinking about religion. Take your racism and conservatism out of here, we are using our body paint, our headdresses, our clothes and our identity.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BwHr4I9H_mD.

Figure 4 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 04/10/2019⁵ 5 Text: Are you really indigenous? No, I’m a mirage, and you, are you really white? Comments: That’s how it is most of the time! That’s true. I can’t take anymore. I’m mulato.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BwFklA3AaWh.

Figure 5 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 03/19/2019⁶ 6 Text: There are many Indians in Brazil. Comments: Our cultural diversity!

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BvMtS1uAWyw.

Figure 6 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 06/24/2019⁷ 7 Comments: The first victim of homophobia in Brazil was an INDIGENOUS PERSON, in 1614 Tibira was murdered. Today, in 2019, we are Tibira, we are indigenous and we are LGBTQ; colonization can no longer kill us. We are not a mistake, we are not immoral, we are sons, daughters and children of nature, and she does not make mistakes. May we continue to live and learn that love and respect is what we need.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BzE6NsnnpsV

Figure 7 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 12/24/2019⁸ 8 Comments: “Did you know that the first case of homophobia in Brazil was against an indigenous person? In 1614, the French missionary Yves d’Evreux (1577 - 1632), of the Capuchin Order, issued the arrest, torture and execution of Tibira, from the Tupinambá tribe, under the pretense of ‘purifying the land of the abominable sin of sodomy’”, says Andre Bernardo. Tibira fled, but was captured by the French, with the help of some Indians. “He was tied at the waist to the mouth of a cannon, where they threw iron at his feet”, his body was torn apart.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/B6d9qu8HKuF.

Figure 8 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 05/11/2019⁹ 9 Text: My cell phone doesn’t make me any less indigenous! Your fake headdress doesn’t make you indigenous! Comments: Wow, there are so many people who need to understand this... If I could, I would put this drawing up on a giant billboard.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BxU-VEOHjhq.

Figure 9 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 11/26/2019¹⁰ 10 Comments: Connected with the forest.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/B5Vd9b7H23W.

Figure 10 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 05/01/2019¹¹ 11 Text: It’s time to demarcate the canvas! Communicate to fight! Comments: New technologies allow us to monitor our territory, give visibility to our struggle, telling our story as it really should be told.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/Bw7sCbynobK.

Figure 11 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 05/16/2019¹² 12 Text: When you are born poor, and an Indian, studying is the best form of rebellion against the system. Comments: When you are born poor, and an Indian, studying is the best form of rebellion against the system.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BxhhSJenyY6.

Figure 12 Image taken from Mídia Índia Instagram profile, published on 05/21/2019¹³ 13 Text: University. Law. Comments: Santa Inês hosts seminar on indigenous education. Believing in the importance of education as a tool for transformation, empowerment and plurality in society, the Institute of Society, Population and Nature (ISPN) and the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhao (IFMA - Campus Santa Inês) announces the “Seminar on Challenges and Perspectives of Access and Permanence of the Guajajara to University and Technical Education”, in concert with the third Indigenous Week, between the 22nd and 24th of this month. The seminar will bring together about 100 people, including youths and indigenous leaders, teachers, researchers.

Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BxvYReHH2nk.

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Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação (INTERCOM) Rua Joaquim Antunes, 705, 05415-012 São Paulo-SP Brasil, Tel. 55 11 2574-8477 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: intercom@usp.br

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The creative power of net-activism of native peoples in Brazil1

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[1] Danilo Rothberg

Professor of the Postgraduate Program in Communication at Unesp (São Paulo State University). Associate Professor in Sociology of Communication at Unesp. CNPq Productivity Scholarship. Co-author of “Participation and responsibility in public journalism” (Cultura Acadêmica), and the author of “Public Journalism’’ (Unesp) and other articles published in journals. E-mail: danilo.rothberg@unesp.br.