Physical Fitness Test (PFT) in Police and Military in Brazil: A Systematic Review

Lima, Bráulio Nascimento; Assis Junior, Renato Silveira de; Almeida, Klebson da Silva; Camargo, Leandro Borelli de; Passos, Ricardo Pablo; Fileni, Carlos Henrique Prevital; Souza, Divaldo Martins de; Vilela Junior, Guanis de Barros

doi:10.36660/ijcs.20200299

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International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Int J Cardiovasc Sci 35 (2) • Mar-Apr 2022 • https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20200299 copy

Physical Fitness Test (PFT) in Police and Military in Brazil: A Systematic Review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

Physical Fitness Tests (PFTs) are part of military routines and are usually administered to applicants for the Brazilian corps member, including the civil police.

Objective

To identify in the literature, scientific articles aimed at assessing physical fitness of police and military personnel in Brazil, using PFTs.

Methods

This was a systematic review, using the PRISMA systematization, using the following search keywords "police", "military", "physical fitness test" and " PFT", in English and Portuguese. The databases used were ScienceDirect, PubMed, BVS (Lilacs) and Scielo. Only original works performed with police and military personnel in Brazil were selected, through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

After the screening process, 11 articles were selected from a total of 1,487.

Conclusions

The data collected from the selected articles suggest that older age is related to a decrease in physical fitness, and better performance in the tests is related to a lower risk of comorbidities. Although high-intensity training improves physical fitness and anthropometric data, it is associated with injury rates; physically active lifestyle is associated with better flexibility.

Police; Military Personnel; Exercise Test; Brazil

Keywords by database
ScienceDirect; PubMed; Scielo; BVS (Lilacs)
(( police ) or ( military )) and ( fitness test ) and not ( review )
Scielo; BVS (Lilacs)
((polícia) or (militar)) and ((teste de aptidão física) or (taf)) and not (revisão)

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
• The study sample was composed of police and/or military personnel in Brazil	• Animal experiments
• Studies involving physical fitness tests.	• Studies where physical fitness tests were used to assess patients with diseases or pathological conditions
• Original, complete articles published in scientific journals.	• Studies evaluating the performance of police or military personnel in specific sports or physical exercises
• Only studies with active police and/or military personnel.	• Interventions on nutritional supplementation
	• Review articles, guidelines, and positioning articles

Author and year	Characteristics of the sample	Experimental desig	Test	Before / G1		After / G2		G3		G4		Statistical significance level	Main conclusions of the study
Author and year	Characteristics of the sample	Experimental desig	Test	Mean	SD/CI	Mean	SD/CI	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P value / CI 95 %	Main conclusions of the study
Araújo et al, 2017(9)	86 students from the Soldier Training Course to join the Military Police (PM) of São Paulo	Comparison of conditions before and after intervention	BMI (Kg/m2)	24	2,6	23,4	2,2	-	-	-	-	0,104	All variables investigated improved.
			1MA	39,6	3,7	47,5	3,9	-	-	-	-	0,001*
			HB	6,3	3,5	8,6	2,9	-	-	-	-	0,001*
		54-week intervention with 2 90-minute training sessions per week	50m	7,2	0,4	6,8	0,3	-	-	-	-	0,001*	The protocol showed a high rate of injuries
			12’R/W (mlkm^-1.min^-1)	44,9	5,3	53,1	3,6	-	-	-	-	0,001*
			Participants who have suffered from temporary disability injuries during the intervention	61	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Domingos-Gomes et al, 2017(10)	25 BOPE police officers (75.75% of the population) (G1)	Comparison between groups	BMI (Kg/m2)	28,23	3,14	27,3	3,5	-	-	-	-	0.341	Military officers from BOPE showed greater flexibility, being this the only physical fitness with statistically significant differences
			%BF	19,51	4,3	21,45	4,82	-	-	-	-	0.152
			WC (cm)	92,52	7,53	92,89	10,55					0.891
			BW (cm)	29,23	6,95	23,96	8,7	-	-	-	-	0.026*
	22 police officers from BPTRAN (73.33% of the population) (G2)		1MA	38,64	10,25	33,22	12,01					0.103	The length of service affects negatively on morphological fitness, neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory
			Push-ups	23,8	11,42	19,04	14,23	-	-	-	-	0.211
			20meter SR (Km/h)	11,66	1,19	11,2	1,23	-	-	-	-	0.205
			20 meter SR (mlkm^-1.min^-1)	45,56	7,17	42,82	7,38	-	-	-	-	0.205
Esteves et al, 2014(¹¹11. Esteves JVDC, Andrade ML, Gealh L, Andreato LV, Moraes SMF. Caracterização da Condição Física e Fatores de risco cardiovascular de Policiais Militares Rodoviários. Rev Andal Med Deporte. 2014;7(2):66-71. doi: 10.1016/S1888-7546(14)70064-4.)	52 road policemen	Descriptive statistics	BMI (Kg/m2)	28,6	4,8	-	-	-	-	-	-	27,3 - 29,9	Study participants showed inadequate levels of physical condition; overweight; high body adiposity; an important portion, exhibited high blood pressure levels.
			WHR	0,92	0,05	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,91 - 0,93
			WC (cm)	95,4	10,8	-	-	-	-	-	-	92,5 - 98,3
			SBP (mmHg)	128,4	15,9	-	-	-	-	-	-	124,1 - 132,7
			DBP (mmHg)	86,7	12,2	-	-	-	-	-	-	83,4 - 90,0
			%BF	23,6	1,1	-	-	-	-	-	-	22,4 - 24,8
			1MA	28	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	26 - 30
			Pull-ups	21	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	19 - 23
			TEE (mlkm^-1.min^-1)	34,8	1,1	-	-	-	-	-	-	34,5 - 35,1
Marins et al, 2018(12)	6212 Federal Highway Patrol Officers (national level)	Review of records	1MA	33,5	33,3 – 33,7	30,1	29,3 – 30,9	-	-	-	-	<0,001*	The sample showed good cardiorespiratory fitness and excellent neuromuscular fitness compared to the population reference values.
	6212 Federal Highway Patrol Officers (national level)	Review of records	Push-ups	28.3	28.1 – 28.6	28.3	25.7 – 27.2	-	-	-	-	<0.001*
	51,1% male (G1)	Descriptive statistics of the 2016 PFT program data	Pull-ups	28,3	28,1 – 28,6	-	-	-	-	-	-	<0.001*	The sample showed a decline in neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory fitness with increasing age
	57,2% female (G2)	Descriptive statistics of the 2016 PFT program data	12’R/W (mlkm^-1.min^-1)	38	37,1 – 38,3	30,6	30,6 – 33,1	-	-	-	-	<0.001*
Medeiros et al, 2020(13)	702 PFT data from healthy adults of the Navy Personnel Command of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2017-2018	Review of records	BMI (Kg/m2)	25,4	2,9	26,4	4,3	27,5	4	-	-	≤0,001*	Increasing age negatively interferes with the performance of strength, muscle endurance and cardiorespiratory capacity
		Review of records	1MA	52,5	20,5	52,2	15,1	50,3	11,2	-	-	0,284
	91 Young Adults (20-30 years) (G1)	Comparison of age between the three groups	Pull-ups	10,8	4,6	10	3,6	8,5	4,7	-	-	0,000*
	243 Adults (30-40 years) (G2)		3,200m (s)	1282	172,4	1421	199,8	1567	192	-	-	≤0,001*
	368 Mature Adults (40-50 years old) (G3)		100mST (s)	140,1	45,6	149,7	37,9	180,8	50	-	-	≤0,001*
Oliveira & Anjos, 2008(14)	50,523 (38.6%) Army soldiers, male, healthy and who participated in the 2001 TAF, between November and December.	Review of records	BMI (Kg/m2)	26,2	3,7	24,7	2,8	23,4	2,3	22,3	2	p<0,001*	It was identified in the records that the Military with BMI equal showed ratio of smaller circumference of the abdomen when cardiorespiratory fitness was greater.
	62% of individuals up to 25 years of age		WC (cm)	88,5	9,8	84,2	7,6	80,8	6,5	78,3	6	<0,001*
	G1VO2max ≤ 49 (n=12290) (G1)
	49 < VO2max ≤ 54 (n=13737) (G2)	36 garrisons
	54 < VO2max ≤ 57 (n=13254) (G3)		12’ R/W (mlkm^-1.min^-1)	44,2	4,4	52,1	1,2	55,7	0,9	60	3	< 0,0001*
	57 < VO2max (n=11242) (G4)
Pereira & Teixeira, 2006(15)	1014 participants, military personnel from the Air Force of a Military Unit in southern Brazil, who had no medical restrictions on the effort.	Descriptive statistics	12’ R/W (m)	2485	322,42	1828,8	182,58	-	-	-	-	-	Participants have regular levels of performance and male soldiers have better physical conditions according to the classification by gender. It is necessary to implement more classifications to encompass other contexts such as age.
	29 female		1MA	40,76	10,3	28,52	11	-	-	-	-	-
	29 female		Push-ups	22,03	7,47	25,87	12,15	-	-	-	-	-
	985 male		FT (points)	12,5	2,62	13,62	3,16	-	-	-	-	-
Porto et al, 2016(16)	3822 Military Firefighters of the Federal District Brigade, male, healthy and completed in May 2009	Review of records	BMI (Kg/m2)	26,5	3,2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	A very high level of agreement was identified between the variables presented in the study; the greater the physical fitness, the lower the percentage of fat and BMI.
	> 50 anos		%BF	15,9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	BMI ≤ 25 (G1)		%BF	15,9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	25 < BMI < 29 (G2)		1MA	27,8	4,7	27,4	5,3	25,3	5,7	-	-	< 0.001*
	30 ≤ BMI (G3)		12’R/W (METs)	12,7	1,7	12	1,7	10,4	1,5	-	-	< 0.001*
Rebelo Filho et al, 2012(17)	49 male military police officers	Comparison between tests	BMI (Kg/m2)	23	1,4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	The 1600 meter test proved to be an efficient and effective alternative in measuring cardiorespiratory capacity; it also demonstrated greater control of the variables that can interfere in the referred measurement.
	49 male military police officers		12’R/W (mlkm^-1.min^-1)	39,42	4,18	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,001*
	Test 12min (G1)		1,600m	43,63	3,21	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,001*
	Test 1.600m (G2)		SPE	16,16	1,64	15,24	1,64	-	-	-	-	0,002*
Rodrigues et al, 2020(18)	41 Military male of the Brazilian Army, men, healthy and working in the city of Rio de Janeiro-RJ	Descriptive statistics	BMI (Kg/m2)	29,1	3,54	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the military is related to low levels of physical fitness and the risk of developing chronic diseases.
		Descriptive statistics	LUNAR IDXA (%BF)	29,2	3,36	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Evaluation of blood tests	12’ R/W (m)	2670	238,46	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Evaluation of blood tests	Pull-ups	3,8	3,9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Teixeira & Pereira, 2010(19)	1,011 healthy, military male from the Air Force of a Military Unit in the south of Brazil.	Descriptive statistics	BMI (Kg/m2)	25,08	3,38	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Higher age values and worse nutritional status are related to lower physical performance scores. In the localized muscular resistance the biggest losses were found.
			C12’ (mlkm^-1.min^-1)	46,46	6,68	41,5	6,88	-	-	-	-	<0,001*
			1MA	28,49	13,33	22,78	9,74	-	-	-	-	<0,001*
	BMI normal (G1)		Push-ups	42,92	9,35	38,25	10,8	-	-	-	-	<0,001*
	BMI > normal (G2)		FT (points)	13,27	2,52	11,58	2,45	-	-	-	-	<0,001*

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