| Andarge E and Shiferaw Y, et al.1919 Andarge E, Shiferaw Y. Disparities in intimate partner violence among currently married women from food secure and insecure urban households in south ethiopia: a community based comparative cross-sectional study. Biomed Res Int. 2018; 2018:4738527.
|
Cross-sectional |
Ethiopia |
696 Women |
Self-questionnaire. Eight items that define and measure FI |
Self-questionnaire |
66.4% of the women who experienced violence were from families with FI. Of those who experienced psychological violence, 53.6% were in FI; of those who experienced physical violence, 51.3% were in FI and of those who experienced sexual violence, 41.7% were experiencing FI. |
| Barnett W, et al.1717 Barnett W, Pellowski J, Kuo C, Koen N, Donald KA, Zar HJ, et al. Food-insecure pregnant women in South Africa: a cross-sectional exploration of maternal depression as a mediator of violence and trauma risk factors. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(3):e018277.
|
Cross-sectional |
South Africa |
992 Pregnant Women |
U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Short Household Food Security Scale (Adapted version) |
Adaptation of the WHO Multinational Study and the Zimbabwe Women’s Health Study |
Significant effects of emotional IPV and maternal childhood trauma on prenatal FI were found, after adjusting for community, maternal income, and education. Mothers with emotional IPV or a history of childhood trauma were 60% and 52% more likely, respectively, to live in FI households during pregnancy. |
| Breiding MJ, et al.2222 Breiding MJ, Basile KC, Klevens J, Smith SG. Economic Insecurity and Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Victimization. Am J Prev Med. 2017; 53(4):457-64.
|
Cross-sectional |
United States |
9.086 Women 7.421 Men |
Social Context Module of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. |
Telephone survey with questions about the incidence of intimate partner violence (physical, verbal, psychological, and sexual) |
Robust associations were found between FI and housing experienced in the previous 12 months and IPV and SV experienced in the previous 12 months for women and men, even after controlling for age, household income, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. |
| Conroy AA, et al.2121 Conroy AA, Cohen MH, Frongillo EA, Tsai AC, Wilson TE, Wentz EL, et al. Food insecurity and violence in a prospective cohort of women at risk for or living with HIV in the U.S. PLoS One. 2019; 14(3):e0213365.
|
Cohort |
United States |
2.343 Women with and without HIV |
US Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) |
Tailored questionnaire (physical, psychological and sexual violence) |
After adjusting for possible confounding factors, the chance of experiencing sexual or physical violence was 3.12 times higher for women with FI and that of experiencing psychological violence was 5.72 times higher for women with very low food security. |
| Diamond-Smith N, et al.2828 Diamond-Smith N, Conroy AA, Tsai AC, Nekkanti M, Weiser SD. Food insecurity and intimate partner violence among married women in Nepal. J Glob Health. 2019; 9(1):010412.
|
Cross-sectional |
Nepal |
3373 Women |
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) |
Self-questionnaire |
After adjustment for potential confounding factors related to women’s status: mild FI (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.30-3.54) and severe (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.06-2.77) remained associated with an increased likelihood that a woman would experience emotional IPV. Physical IPV remained associated with mild (OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.80-5.06) and severe (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.52-4.04) FI. |
| Falb KL, et al.2727 Falb KL, Blackwell A, Stennes J, Hussein M, Annan J. Depressive symptoms among women in Raqqa Governorate, Syria: associations with intimate partner violence, food insecurity, and perceived needs. Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2019; 6:e22.
|
Cross-sectional |
Syria |
240 Women |
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) |
Modules of the WHO Multinational Study on Domestic Violence and Women’s Health |
In the final adjusted model, any form of recent IPV ( β = 2.25; 95% CI 0.92-3.57; p = 0.001), severe FI ( β = 1.62; 95% CI 0.27-2.96; p = 0.02) and perceived needs ( β = 0.38; 95% CI 0.18-0.57; p = 0.0002) were associated with increased depressive symptoms. |
| Field S, et al.1818 Field S, Onah M, van Heyningen T, Honikman S. Domestic and intimate partner violence among pregnant women in a resource-poor setting in South Africa: a facility-based mixed methods study. BMC Womens Health. 2018; 18(1):119.
|
Quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional |
South Africa |
376 Pregnant Women |
US Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) |
Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) |
Of those who reported IPV, 81% (47/58) of the women reported emotional and verbal abuse, 76% (44/58) reported physical abuse, and 26% (15 / 58) reported sexual abuse. In addition, 46% of individuals testing positive for IPV experienced various forms of abuse. FI was observed in 62% of these women. |
| Fong S, et al.1515 Fong S, Gupta J, Kpebo D, Falb K. Food insecurity associated with intimate partner violence among women in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016; 134(3):341-2.
|
Cross-sectional |
Ivory Coast |
68 Women |
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) |
Self-questionnaire to assess the incidence of IPV in the last 12 months |
Overall, almost a quarter (n = 16; 24%) of the women reported experiencing severe FI and (n = 19; 54 28%)reported experiencing some form of IPV in the previous year. No significant differences in terms of food security classes among the demographics examined. |
| Hatcher AM, et al.1414 Hatcher AM, Weiser SD, Cohen CR, Hagey J, Weke E, Burger R, et al. Food insecurity and intimate partner violence among HIV-positive individuals in rural Kenya. Am J Prev Med. 2020; 60(4):563-8.
|
Cross-sectional |
Kenya |
720 Men and women with HIV |
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) |
Modules of the WHO Multinational Study on Domestic Violence and Women’s Health |
Participants who reported any partner violence had higher scores on the Domestic FI Scale (21.8) compared to those who reported no violence (21.3, p =0.02). Each categorical change in FI (mild, moderate, severe) was associated with a 41% increased risk of an additional episode of IPV. |
| Hernandez DC, et al.2424 Hernandez DC, Marshall A, Mineo C. Maternal depression mediates the association between intimate partner violence and food insecurity. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2014; 23(1):29-37.
|
Cohort |
United States |
1.690 Mothers of young children |
U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Domestic Food Security Short Range Scale |
Questions that assess physical, sexual, and psychological violence |
Households in which mothers experienced IPV had a 22% greater chance of experiencing FI. After controlling for all maternal and household characteristics, the association between IPV and depression was assessed. Mothers who experienced IPV were 44% more likely to experience depression. Sobel’s test indicated that depression fully mediated the relationship between IPV and food insecurity (z = 2.89, p <0.01). |
| Jansen E, et al.2929 Jansen E, Lachman JM, Heinrichs N, Hutchings J, Baban A, Foran HM. Hunger in Vulnerable Families in Southeastern Europe: associations with mental health and violence. Front Public Health. 2020; 8:115.
|
Cross-sectional |
North Macedonia, Republic of Moldova and Romania |
140 Families |
Three items on food scarcity and hunger in the family based on the Hunger Scale |
Heyman et al. Brief Partner Maltreatment Screening Instrument and Conflict Tactics Scale |
31% of families experienced at least one form of hunger in the past month. Worse family functioning, current intimate partner violence, and more cases of child neglect showed univariate associations with family hunger. |
| Moraes CL, et al.2525 Moraes CL, Marques ES, Reichenheim ME, Ferreira MF, Salles-Costa R. Intimate partner violence, common mental disorders and household food insecurity: an analysis using path analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2016; 19(16):2965-74.
|
Cross-sectional |
Brazil |
849 Women |
Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) |
Brazilian version Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) |
39.4% of families had FI, more than a quarter were classified as moderate or severe FI. Almost three-quarters of the women reported having engaged in at least one episode of psychological violence and approximately one-quarter reported at least one episode of physical assault by an intimate partner in the 12 months prior to the interview. |
| Ribeiro-Silva Rde C, et al.2626 Ribeiro-Silva RC, Fiaccone RL, Barreto ML, Santana ML, Santos SM, Conceição-Machado ME, et al. The association between intimate partner domestic violence and the food security status of poor families in Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 2016; 19(7):1305-11.
|
Cross-sectional |
Brazil |
1.019 Families |
Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) |
Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) |
The prevalence of mild physical violence was 9.6% (95% CI 7.8, 11.4%) and severe physical violence was 4.7% (95% CI 3.4, 6.0%) among couples. In the final multivariate model, it was found that couples reporting minor (prevalence ratio = 1 - 23; 95% CI 1 - 12, 1 - 35) and severe (prevalence ratio = 1 - 16; 95% CI 1 - 00, 1 - 34) physical violence were more likely to experience domestic food insecurity compared to those who did not report physical violence. |
| Ricks JL, et al.2323 Ricks JL, Cochran SD, Arah OA, Williams JK, Seeman TE. Food insecurity and intimate partner violence against women: results from the California Women’s Health Survey. Public Health Nutr. 2016; 19(5):914-23.
|
Cross-sectional |
United States |
16.562 Women |
U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) - abbreviated |
Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) |
The models investigating the association between FI and IPV demonstrate that in both unadjusted and adjusted models, women who reported experiencing FI in the past 12 months reported a higher chance of IPV, after adjusting for demographic factors. Furthermore, the results indicate that this association held even after including common causes of FI and IPV, such as income-based poverty, marital status, and presence of children in the household. |
| Willie TC, et al.1616 Willie TC, Kershaw TS, Callands TA. Examining relationships of intimate partner violence and food insecurity with HIV-related risk factors among young pregnant women in Liberia. AIDS Care. 2018; 30(9):1156-60.
|
Cross-sectional |
Liberia |
195 Women |
An item from the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire |
One item from the short form Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and 10 items from the Sexual Experiences Survey |
FI differed by education, employment, and relationship status (p <0.05). Women who experienced IPV had a higher chance of FI (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.94). Women experiencing IPV (AOR = 6.33, 95% CI = 2.94, 13.62) and FI (AOR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.29, 6.30) were more likely to initiate a new economic support relationship. |
| Woldetensay YK, et al.2020 Woldetensay YK, Belachew T, Biesalski HK, Ghosh S, Lacruz ME, Scherbaum V, et al. The role of nutrition, intimate partner violence and social support in prenatal depressive symptoms in rural Ethiopia: community-based birth cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018; 18(1):374.
|
Cohort |
Ethiopia |
4680 Pregnant Women |
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) |
Tracking scale called “Hurt, Insult, Threaten, and Shout” (HITS) |
34.4% of mothers in households with severe FI suffered from depressed mood compared to 4.8% in food secure households (p <0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence was higher among anemic (14.2% versus 9.5% for no anemia) and undernourished (12.4% versus 9.7% for well-nourished, p = 0.005) pregnant women. Prenatal depressive symptomatology was more prevalent among mothers who experienced intimate partner violence (29.7% versus 9.8% for mothers without IPV experience). |
Thumbnail
