ABSTRACT
In tropical forests, climbing plants are an important component of the species richness. This study aimed to know the floristic composition of vines in a stretch of forest in the Planalto da Ibiapaba. It was performed at Sítio Coqueiros, Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil, in an area that covers about 124 ha and has an altitude between 670-850 meters. We list 61 species of vines, distributed in 43 genera and 22 families. The richest families were Convolvulaceae (11 spp.) and Fabaceae (11), followed by Bignoniaceae (seven), Passifloraceae (four), Cucurbitaceae (three) and Sapindaceae (three). We identified 31 woody vines (lianas) and 30 herbaceous vines. The volubile ascension mechanism was highlighted, being found in 55,7% of the species. An identification key for the set of identified species is displayed.
Keywords:
biodiversity; Caatinga domain; floristic inventory; lianas
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Figure 1. Location of Sítio Coqueiros in the municipality of Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil.
Figure 2. General aspect of the study environment, at Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil. a. front view of the Planalto da Ibiapaba in the municipality of Ipu, Ceará State. b-d. general aspect of the vegetation of Sítio Coqueiros. e-f. waterfalls present at the survey site. Pictures. J.B.S. Nascimento.
Figure 3. Climbing plants recorded at Sítio Coqueiros, Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil. a. Alstroemeriaceae: Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herb. b. Amaranthaceae: Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth. c-d. Apocynaceae: c. Macropharynx peltata (Vell.) J.F.Morales & M.E. Endress. d. Prestonia bahiensis Mull. Arg. e. Asteraceae: Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Kunth) Cabrera. f-i. Bignoniaceae: f. Adenocalymma divaricatum Miers. g. Adenocalymma validum L.G. Lohmann. h. Dolichandra quadrivalvis (Jacq.) L. G. Lohmann. i. Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L. G. Lohmann. Pictures: J.B.S. Nascimento.
Figure 4. Climbing plants recorded at Sítio Coqueiros, Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil. a-b. Bignoniaceae: a. Fridericia triplinervia (Mart ex DC.) L.G. Lohmann. b. Tanaecium dichotumum (Jacq.) Kaehler & L.G.Lohmann. c. Combretaceae: Combretrum leprosum Mart. d-h. Convolvulaceae: d. Distimake aegyptius (L.) A.R. Simões & Staples. e. Distimake cissoides (Lam.) A.R. Simões & Staples. f. Ipomoea bahiensis Willd. Ex Roem. & Schult. g. Ipomoea batatoides Choisy. h. Ipomoea hederifolia L. i. Cucurbitaceae: Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) C. Jeffrey. Pictures: J.B.S. Nascimento.
Figure 5. Climbing plants recorded at Sítio Coqueiros, Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil. a. Cucurbitaceae: Sicyos martii Cogn. b-g. Fabaceae: b. Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth. c. Centrosema sargittatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Brandegee. d. Macropsychanthus grandiflorus (Mart. ex Benth.) L.P.Queiroz & Snake. e. Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle. f. Periandra coccinea (Schrad.) Benth. g. Schnella glabra (Jacq.) Vaz. h-i. Loganiaceae: Strychnos gardneri A.DC. Fotos: J.B.S. Nascimento.
Figure 6. Climbing plants recorded at Sítio Coqueiros, Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil. a. Malphiguiaceae: Banisteriopsis muricata (Cav.) Cuatrec. b-e. Passifloraceae: b. Passiflora capsularis L. c. Passiflora foetida L. d-e. Passiflora glandulosa Cav. f-g. Sapindaceae: f. Paullinia cearensis Sonner & Ferrucci. g. Pulinia pinnata L. h. Smilacaceae: Smilax irrorata Mart. ex Griseb. i. Vitaceae: Cissus gongylodes (Baker) Planch. Fotos: J.B.S. Nascimento.