This article analyzes the essay, History of Brazil, published by Afranio Peixoto in 1940. It is well understood that in the content of this book there are a number of nuances concerning the conflicts between the author and the Brazilian New State (1937-1945), and also between him and the authoritative style, with which the Portuguese dictatorship, led by Antonio Salazar, modeled the Portuguese World Congress of1940. Although he had contributed to the event's organization, at the last minute by express order of the Brazilian government, Afranio Peixoto was barred from attending the commemoration. To this effect, one of the reasons explaining Afranio's absence is sought to be shown to be his Luso-Brazilian patriotism, which put him on a collision course with the official representations prepared for that occasion.
History of the Book; Patriotism; Intellectuals and power; Republic; Luso-Brazilian Congress