Soil cover crops for curly lettuce cultivation under no-tillage

Nakada-Freitas, Pâmela G; Magalhães, Thalita Helena; Bustamonte, Stefani S; Oliveira, Alan B de; Cardoso, Antonio Ismael Inácio; Bonini, Carolina dos SB; Lima, Ronaldo C; Carvalho, Alan RC; Araújo, Humberto S de

doi:10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2602

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 41 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2602 copy

Soil cover crops for curly lettuce cultivation under no-tillage

Coberturas vegetais de solo no plantio direto de alface crespa

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Plant soil covers bring many benefits to the soil, like physical, chemical and biological quality. It may behave differently if kept on the ground or if incorporated. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of cover crops under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems on curly lettuce production. The treatments were in a split plot: three plant coverings in the plot [lupines, black oats, 70% lupines + 30% black oats (consortium)] and in the subplots two cropping systems [no-tillage and conventional tillage (plowing and harrowing)]. The consortium of black oat + lupine in conventional planting produced more than the other treatments and lettuce yield of 69.4 t/ha. The no-tillage in the present study is in its third economic crop cycle and possibly has not yet acquired all the benefits in the soil profile.

Keywords:
Lactuca sativa; Avena strigosa; Lupinus albus; no-tillage; conventional cultivation

Soil cover	Soil preparation	pH (CaCl₂)	P_resin (mg/dm³)	MO (g/dm³)	H+Al	Al	K	Ca	Mg	SB	CTC	V (%)
Soil cover	Soil preparation	pH (CaCl₂)	P_resin (mg/dm³)	MO (g/dm³)	(mmolc/dm³)							V (%)
Black oat	Conventional	6.4	76	18	11	0	0.7	35	10	45.7	56.7	81
Black oat	No-tillage	6.2	54	17	9	0	0.7	31	9	40.7	49.7	82
Lupine	Conventional	6.3	114	16	9	0	0.8	47	14	61.8	70.8	87
Lupine	No-tillage	6.2	58	14	10	0	0.8	27	9	36.8	46.8	79
Consortium	Conventional	6.1	94	16	10	0	0.7	40	9	49.7	59.7	83
Consortium	No-tillage	6.3	63	15	10	0	0.8	35	11	46.8	56.8	82

Soil preparation	Diameter of the aerial part (cm)
Soil preparation	Black oat	Lupine	Consortium
Conventional	24 Ba¹*	26 ABa	29 Aa
No-tillage	18 Bb	24 Ab	21 ABb
	Length of the aerial part (cm)
Conventional	16 Aa	17 Aa	19 Aa
No-tillage	12 Bb	17 Aa	14 AB b
	Number of leaves
Conventional	16 Aa	17 Aa	22 Aa
No-tillage	13 Ba	21 Aa	15 AB b
	Length of the stem (cm)
Conventional	6.6 Aa	7.2 Aa	9.1 Aa
No-tillage	4.6 Ba	7,8 Aa	5.5 AB b
	Diameter of the stem (cm)
Conventional	1.7 Aa	1.9 Aa	2.0 Aa
No-tillage	1.3 Ab	1.4 Ab	1.5 Ab
	Dry mass of the aerial part (g)
Conventional	9.3 Ba	14.6 Aa	15.0 Aa
No-tillage	7.4 Aa	9.9 Ab	8.7 Ab
	Fresh mass of the aerial part (g)
Conventional	126 Ba	137 Ba	624 Aa
No-tillage	51 Ba	109 Ba	382 Ab
	Yield (t/ha)
Conventional	14.1 Ba	15.2 Ba	69.4 Aa
No-tillage	5.6 Ba	12.2 Ba	42.4 Ab

Soil cover	Soil preparation	pH (CaCl₂)	P_resin (mg/dm^³)	MO (g/dm^³)	H+Al	Al	K	Ca	Mg	SB	CTC	V (%)
Soil cover	Soil preparation	pH (CaCl₂)	P_resin (mg/dm^³)	MO (g/dm^³)	(mmolc/dm^³)							V (%)
Black oat	Conventional	6.3	102	15	10	0	0.7	32	10	43.6	52.6	82
Black oat	No-tillage	6.2	56	14	11	0	0.8	22	7	28	38	74
Lupine	Conventional	6.2	87	13	11	0	0.6	29	7	35.6	46.6	79
Lupine	No-tillage	6.2	62	12	11	0	1.1	17	6	24.6	33.6	73
Consortium	Conventional	6.3	81	14	11	0	0.5	27	6	33.4	43.6	78
Consortium	No-tillage	6.4	49	14	11	0	0.8	22	7	29.7	38.7	77

Associação Brasileira de Horticultura Embrapa Hortaliças, C. Postal 218, 70275-970 Brasília-DF, Tel. (61) 3385 9099, Tel. (81) 3320 6064, www.abhorticultura.com.br - Vitoria da Conquista - BA - Brazil
E-mail: associacaohorticultura@gmail.com

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[TFN1] ¹averages with same capital letters in the line by Tukey test, and same lower-case letters in the column by t-test, don’t differ between themselves, 5% probability; *averages followed by different letters in the line or the columns mean significant interaction, 5% probability.