Dialelo parcial e o potencial de linhagens de milho superdoce bt 2 para obtenção de híbridos

Xavier, Larissa Fernanda S; Pestana, Jéssica Kelly; Sekiya, Alline; Krause, Matheus D; Moreira, Rosângela Maria P; Ferreira, Josué M

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620190305

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Sumário

Research • Hortic. Bras. 37 (3) • Jul-Sep 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620190305 copiar

Dialelo parcial e o potencial de linhagens de milho superdoce bt ₂ para obtenção de híbridos

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Os objetivos foram determinar o potencial de linhagens S₄ de milho superdoce para síntese de híbridos, identificar os tipos de ações gênicas predominantes e as correlações para diferentes caracteres importantes para o melhoramento. Os 81 híbridos obtidos em um dialelo parcial 9x9 e três testemunhas foram avaliados em blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições, em duas épocas de semeadura. Houve efeitos significativos de híbridos, de capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) dos grupos GI e GII e de capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) para os caracteres avaliados, evidenciando a existência de híbridos com desempenhos superiores e a expressão de efeitos aditivos e não aditivos. As linhagens L₁, L₃, L₆ e L₉ (GI) e L_1’, L_7’ e L_9’ (GII) apresentaram as melhores estimativas de CGC e CEC, estando presente nos nove híbridos selecionados com desempenhos superiores e competitivos em relação às testemunhas. As correlações estimadas indicam que, para o melhoramento visando o aumento de produtividade de grãos, é importante avaliar ao menos as espigas sem palha, priorizando genótipos com maiores diâmetros e comprimentos de espigas.

Palavras-chave:
Zea mays var. saccharata; capacidade de combinação; correlações

Variation source	DF	First sowing season
Variation source	DF	HEY	DEY	GY	TSS	DF	PH	EH	EL	ED	NR
Checks (C)	2	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	*	ns	ns	*	ns
H vs C	1	ns	*	*	ns	*	ns	*	ns	ns	*
Hybrids (H)	80	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
GCA (GI)	8	36.92*	31.55*	12.430*	10.740*	9.877*	628.4*	471.1*	4.580*	0.414*	6.439*
GCA (GII)	8	39.97*	28.72*	6.049*	5.017*	16.760*	3586.2*	1691.6*	8.846*	0.153*	8.429*
SCA	64	14.19*	6.85*	2.207*	2.026*	2.923*	211.8*	137.7*	1.583*	0.065*	1.454*
Error	158	5.324	3.113	0.884	1.064	2.034	84.43	68.66	0.677	0.027	0.595
CV (%)		11.4	12.4	20.9	6.0	2.6	4.2	7.6	4.3	3.4	5.5
		Second sowing season
Checks (C)	2	ns	*	ns	*	*	ns	*	ns	*	*
H vs C	1	ns	*	*	*	*	ns	*	*	*	*
	61	*	*	*	*	ns	*	*	*	*	*
GCA (GI)	8	16.170*	10.270*	2.820*	5.643*	0.0	785.0*	605.1*	8.071*	0.220*	4.834*
GCA (GII)	8	6.555*	4.027*	2.018*	9.891*	0.0	2417.4*	1879.8*	6.331*	0.129*	8.348*
SCA	45	4.902*	2.518*	1.011*	1.733*	0.0	237.9*	159.4*	1.204*	0.044*	0.954*
Error	128	2.480	1.041	0.433	1.019	0.036	96.50	65.76	0.702	0.022	0.541
CV (%)		11.8	11.2	14.3	5.7	0.4	4.7	7.7	5.0	3.6	5.5

Treatments	HEY (t ha^-1)		DEY (t ha^-1)		GY (t ha^-1)		TSS (%)		DF (days)		PH (cm)		EH (cm)		El (cm)		ED (cm)		NR
Treatments	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2
HS_37’	23.40a	15.57a	16.24a	10.53a	5.45b	5.57a	19.3a	17.9a	55c	52b	227b	222b	115a	111b	18.2c	16.5b	4.5b	4.2a	15.7a	16.2a
HS_47’	20.99a	14.73a	14.70a	10.53a	5.01b	4.69a	16.6b	17.0b	56b	52b	233a	227a	115a	110b	19.9a	17.8a	4.7b	4.3a	13.7c	14.4a
HS_57’	25.72a	14.32a	16.89a	9.33a	6.56a	4.87a	16.7b	17.3b	55c	52b	219b	207b	109b	103b	19.5a	16.1b	4.9a	4.1b	14.9b	13.8a
HS_64’	21.82a	14.42a	14.62a	9.94a	4.80b	5.42a	15.3c	16.2b	54c	52b	225b	217b	116a	111b	18.5b	15.9b	4.9a	4.4a	15.1b	13.8a
HS_71’	23.16a	15.50a	18.33a	11.86a	6.53a	6.35a	17.8a	18.9a	56b	52b	233a	233a	124a	127a	20.1a	16.7a	5.1a	4.3a	15.7a	14.9a
HS_76’	20.83a	14.04a	16.20a	10.25a	4.92b	5.84a	17.7a	18.3a	55c	52b	202c	198c	116a	103b	20.3a	17.3a	4.7b	4.1b	14.1b	13.3b
HS_77’	21.58a	13.95a	15.65a	10.35a	5.30b	5.14a	16.8a	17.4b	55c	52b	215b	204c	108b	99c	18.7b	16.3b	4.8a	4.1b	16.0a	13.8a
HS_94’	23.89a	15.87a	16.75a	11.00a	6.72a	5.57a	16.2b	15.9b	54c	52b	228b	218b	123a	214a	20.1a	17.5a	5.0a	4.3a	12.7c	13.1b
HS_95’	24.01a	15.64a	17.39a	10.73a	7.40a	5.58a	17.0a	17.2b	55c	52b	222b	212b	123a	104b	20.3a	17.5a	5.1a	4.3a	14.4b	13.1b
ST0509A	20.03b	12.47b	11.49b	7.10c	3.38c	3.32c	16.8a	18.3a	58a	52b	232a	209b	127a	121a	18.7b	16.4b	4.6b	4.1b	14.6b	14.4a
ST2109B	20.59a	11.01b	12.12b	5.65d	3.63c	2.19c	17.6a	17.6b	59a	52b	223b	218b	118a	112b	18.5b	16.3b	4.8a	3.8b	14.3b	12.9b
Tropical Plus	20.78a	13.39b	12.72b	7.77c	3.60c	3.02c	16.5b	14.3b	62a	59a	209c	198c	122a	129a	20.0a	15.3b	4.5b	4.0b	15.6a	14.9a
Dialled average (m)	20.19	13.35	14.21	9.19	4.54	4.69	17.1	17.9	55.7	52.0	216	209	108	105	19.1	16.7	4.7	4.1	14.0	13.4
Check averages	20.47	12.29	12.11	6.84	3.54	2.84	17.0	16.7	59.4	54.4	221	208	122	121	19.1	16.0	4.6	4.0	14.8	14.1
Traits	Correlations between yield and other traits
HEY	1.00	1.00	0.90*	0.87*	0.76*	0.77*	-0.16	-0.05	-0.28*	0.01	0.23*	0.07	0.26*	-0.09	0.33*	0.43*	0.43*	0.56*	0.31*	0.32*
DEY	0.90*	0.87*	1.00	1.00	0.83*	0.90*	-0.14	-0.01	-0.40*	-0.14	0.18	0.12	0.25*	-0.06	0.46*	0.52*	0.50*	0.67*	0.32*	0.31*
GY	0.76*	0.77*	0.83*	0.90*	1.00	1.00	-0.26*	0.11	-0.28*	-0.26*	0.10	0.08	0.13	-0.08	0.39*	0.42*	0.66*	0.57*	0.36*	0.19

Traits	HEY (t ha^-1)		DEY (t ha^-1)		GY (t ha^-1)		TSS (%)		DF (days)		PH (cm)		EH (cm)		EL (cm)		ED (cm)		NR
Traits	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2	S1	S2
	General combining ability of inbred lines of group I (ĝ_i)
ĝ_L1	1.84	0.30	1.34	0.45	0.82	0.17	-1.0	-0.6	-0.1	-1.8	-6.9	1.9	-4.4	-0.4	-0.1	0.2	0.1	0.7	0.8
ĝ_L2	0.10	-0.10	-0.35	-0.53	0.03	-0.29	0.4	0.7	0.6	2.9	-3.5	-6.3	-11.3	0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.7	-0.3
ĝ_L3	0.69	0.81	0.27	0.31	-0.75	0.20	0.9	0.6	-0.3	1.7	3.5	2.0	2.3	-0.4	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.5
ĝ_L4	-1.85	-0.67	-1.83	-0.53	-0.82	-0.66	-0.4	0.0	1.0	11.2	18.8	1.2	9.9	-0.2	0.4	-0.1	-0.0	-0.1	-0.3
ĝ_L5	-0.94	-1.29	-0.93	-1.18	-0.31	-0.42	0.3	0.1	0.4	-2.5	-4.6	-2.7	-3.4	-0.2	-0.8	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.8
ĝ_L6	0.21	0.03	0.45	0.30	0.39	0.19	-0.9	-0.8	-1.0	-3.3	-0.1	-6.4	-2.4	-0.2	-0.8	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.5
ĝ_L7	-0.04	-0.36	0.97	0.45	0.23	0.09	0.5	0.5	0.2	-2.2	-0.8	3.2	3.9	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.0
ĝ_L8	-1.17	-0.52	-0.96	-0.51	-0.63	-0.03	0.2	-0.4	-0.4	-1.1	-2.4	5.3	3.9	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.2
ĝ_L9	1.16	1.80	1.05	1.24	1.04	0.75	-0.0	-0.1	-0.4	-4.7	-4.0	1.9	1.5	0.6	1.3	0.2	0.2	-0.4	-0.3
	General combining ability of inbred lines of group II (ĝ_j)
ĝ_L1’	2.09	0.51	1.88	0.69	0.61	0.36	-0.3	-0.5	0.2	22.0	21.9	15.0	18.0	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.3
ĝ_L2’	-0.98	-0.80	-0.35	-0.46	0.09	-0.42	0.3	0.6	1.8	2.0	3.7	0.8	3.8	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
ĝ_L3’	0.03	-0.52	-0.07	-0.59	0.16	-0.52	0.2	-0.4	0.7	-19.8	-21.0	-8.4	-10.6	0.5	-0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.6	-1.0
ĝ_L4’	-1.62	-0.72	-1.45	-0.58	-0.47	-0.25	-0.5	-0.7	-0.2	9.6	6.1	9.5	8.1	-0.7	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1	-0.6	-0.6
ĝ_L5’	-0.67	-0.06	-0.80	-0.07	-0.23	-0.17	-0.5	0.1	-0.8	1.1	7.5	-1.1	1.2	-0.8	-0.8	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.5
ĝ_L6’	0.00	0.11	0.31	0.20	-0.38	0.40	0.2	0.4	-0.3	-1.0	0.0	1.3	2.9	0.6	0.5	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4
ĝ_L7’	1.45	1.03	0.87	0.59	0.80	0.30	-0.4	-0.1	-0.4	-1.6	-0.6	-3.0	-4.0	-0.3	-0.3	0.0	0.1	1.2	1.2
ĝ_L8’	-0.97	0.05	-0.96	-0.04	-0.58	0.20	0.8	1.3	-0.2	-8.6	-10.4	-5.6	-2.2	-0.4	-0.1	-0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
ĝ_L9’	0.67	0.42	0.58	0.25	0.00	0.10	0.2	-0.6	-0.7	-3.6	-7.1	-8.5	-17.0	0.5	0.8	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.5

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[TFN1] *and ns= significant and non-significant at 0.05 probability using F test, respectively; HEY= husked ear yield (t ha^-1); DEY= dehusked ear yield (t ha^-1); GY= green corn grain yield (t ha^-1); TSS= total soluble solids (%); DF= days to flowering; PH= plant height (cm); EH= ear height (cm); EL= ear length (cm); ED= ear diameter (cm); NR= number of grain rows.