Rapid NPK diagnosis in tomato using petiole sap analysis with the DRIS method

Ávila-Juárez, Luciano; Rodríguez-Ruiz, Mario A

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620200311

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 38 (3) • Jul-Sep 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620200311 copy

Rapid NPK diagnosis in tomato using petiole sap analysis with the DRIS method

Diagnóstico rápido de NPK em tomate por meio da análise da seiva de pecíolos e pelo método DRIS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

One of the factors determining success in tomato production is plant nutrition. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) is a tool used to obtain fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to determine DRIS indices using petiole sap analysis (PSA) and compare them with those obtained using leaf analysis in two tomato cultivars grown under greenhouse conditions. A complete randomized design with eight treatments and 60 plants per experimental unit was used. To determine whether employing PSA with the DRIS methodology can provide a reliable diagnosis of fertilization, doses of some elements, such as N, P, or K, were reduced by 30% and supplied to two tomato cultivars, namely, Cid and Moctezuma. The indices for PSA-DRIS and DRIS were estimated. R² values greater than 0.84 were obtained for the relationships between the leaf concentrations and petiole extract (PE) concentrations of some elements in both tomato cultivars. The PSA-DRIS method detected 62.5% of the cases of deficiency identified via DRIS. The PSA-DRIS method is a low-cost way to rapidly fertilize recommendations in tomato.

Keywords:
Solanum lycopersicum; petiole extract; nutritional balance; nutrients

Treatment	Laboratory		PSA
Treatment	Lab (%)^w	Deficiency^g (%)	PE (ppm)^w	Deficiency^g (%)
-NCid	3.57NS	11.7±7.8^a	816	39.9±19.8^a
-NMoc	3.25**	20.0±4.8^a	600	33.6±8.8^a
-PCid	0.30**	53.7±13.5^a	343	55.5±4.9^a
-PMoc	0.38*	53.9±28.0^a	426	43.3±28.6^a
-KCid	2.76*	35.1±18.1^a	1616	11.9±8.0^a
-KMoc	3.18*	20.4±12.1^a	1700	8.8±5.4^a
control Cid N	4.05		1356
control Moc N	4.06		910
control Cid P	0.66		776
control Moc P	0.83		783
control Cid K	4.25		1840
control Moc K	4.00		1866

Cultivar	Relationship between foliar and PE concentrations
Cultivar	Element	Slope	Intercept	R²
Cid	A	4x10^-4	3.55	0.98
	P	-1x10^-4	0.77	0.97
	K	-5x10^-7	4.34	0.98
Moctezuma	N	6x10^-4	3.54	0.99
	P	2x10^-4	0.67	0.99
	K	-5x10^-9	4.15	0.84

Treatment	DRIS			PSA-DRIS			Deficiency		Excess
Treatment	I_N	I_P	I_K	I_N	I_P	I_K	DRIS	PSA-DRIS	DRIS	PSA-DRIS
-NCid	-19.2	10.7	8.5	-217.5	232.2	-14.7	N	N	P	P
-NMoc	-14.0	7.7	6.2	-222.9	204.9	18.0	N	N	P	P
-PCid	2.4	-16.1	13.7	-4.7	49.1	-44.4	P	K	K	P
-PMoc	-2.5	-7.0	9.5	-23.9	35.8	-11.9	P	N	K	P
-KCid	3.1	19.6	-22.7	-5.8	90.2	-84.5	K	K	P	P
-KMoc	-4.5	29.8	-25.3	-106.8	159.1	-52.3	K	N	P	P
control Cid	-10.5	13.6	-3.1	-79.7	119.6	-39.9	N	N	P	P
control Moc	-15.0	28.6	-13.6	-147.2	171.5	-24.3	N	N	P	P

Nutrient	N		P		K
Nutrient	mg L^-1	CV	mg L^-1	CV	mg L^-1	CV
PSA Treatments	550-1100	30	190-730	46	1500-1800	6
PSA Control	850-1420	22	720-870	8	1520-2150	14
	g kg^-1	CV	g kg^-1	CV	g kg^-1	CV
Lab Treatment	30-39	8	2-6	46	22-36	21
Lab Control	40-41	1	6-8	12	39-42	3
DRIS tomato^x	29-44		4-7		35-51

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[TFN1] ^gDeficiency induced relative to the control level (mean ± standard deviation). ^wComparison of induced deficiency in laboratory analysis vs. the respective control (e.g., -NCid vs. control Cid N); Tukey, p<0.05 (*) and p<0.01 (**). Moc= cv. Moctezuma; Cid= cv. Cid; -N= nitrogen deficiency, -P= phosphorus deficiency, -K= potassium deficiency. Means within a row with different letters are significantly different, Tukey, p<0.05.