Insecticidal and inhibitory effects of Meliaceae and Asteraceae extracts to silverleaf whitefly

Baldin, Edson Luiz Lopes; Schlick-Souza, Eunice Cláudia; Soares, Muriel Cicatti Emanoeli; Lopes, Norberto Peporine; Lopes, João Luis Callegari; Bogorni, Paulo César; Vendramim, José Djair

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620200307

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 38 (3) • Jul-Sep 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620200307 copy

Insecticidal and inhibitory effects of Meliaceae and Asteraceae extracts to silverleaf whitefly

Efeitos inseticida e inibitório de extratos de Meliaceae e Asteraceae sobre a mosca-branca

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous insect that causes direct and indirect damage on tomato. Spraying with synthetic insecticides is one of the main control tools for the whitefly; however, the abusive use of this tool can impact the environment and human beings. In this study we evaluated the bioactivity of extracts from plant species from Asteraceae and Meliaceae families on B. tabaci biotype B in tomato. A preliminary bioassay evaluated the effects of the extracts at 2% (w/v) on infestation and oviposition of this whitefly. Then, the nymphicidal and ovicidal effects of the chloroformic extract of Trichilia pallida - TP-Cl at six concentrations were performed. Finally, the TP-Cl LC₅₀ was estimated. All extracts were repellent to the whitefly, except that ones from T. pallida (ethanolic) and Melia azedarach (hexanic), considered neutral at 24 h. All the extracts caused deterrence of oviposition. All concentrations of TP-Cl revealed nymphicidal activity and the highest ones provided the lowest egg viability averages. The estimated LC₅₀ was 0.0955%. These results provide evidence for the potential of the extracts to be used as alternative control agents of B. tabaci biotype B in tomatoes.

Keywords:
Bemisia tabaci; botanical pesticide; allelochemical; alternative control

Extract¹	Number of adults		Number of eggs/cm² after 48 h	OPI³ (±SE)	Classification
Extract¹	24 h	48 h	Number of eggs/cm² after 48 h	OPI³ (±SE)	Classification
Distilled water	27.4±3.89a	26.3±1.28a	22.7±4.5a	0.0±10.69	N
Melia azedarach-Hx	17.3±4.4a	18.0±4.2a	13.2±3.9b	-26.5±10.7	D
Trichilia elegans-Hx	19.1±10.6a	16.7±6.9a	11.9±5.8b	-31.1±10.7	D
T. casaretti-Cl	10.4±2.2b	13.3±1.7a	11.0±1.7b	-34.7±10.7	D
M. azedarach-Cl	15.3±5.6a	12.9±4.2a	10.6±2.7b	-36.4±10.7	D
T. catigua-Et	14.1±2.2a	12.9±2.2a	10.5±2.1b	-36.9±10.7	D
Lychnophora salicifolia-Cl	14.0±4.5a	16.5±5.7a	10.1±1.9b	-38.3±10.7	D
L. ericoides-Hx	13.7±3.5a	12.3±4.1a	9.9±3.3b	-39.5±10.7	D
T. pallida-Et	18.9±4.9a	10.0±4.6b	8.2±4.2c	-47.0±10.7	D
T. clausenii-Et	5.9±1.7b	4.7±1.3b	8.1±3.7c	-47.6±10.7	D
Azadirachta indica-Et	9.9±5.4b	11.7±6.8a	7.9±4.9c	-48.3±10.7	D
T. elegans-Cl	8.9±1.9b	7.8±2.0b	7.9±1.8c	-48.6±10.7	D
T. catigua-Cl	10.6±4.1b	8.2±3.3b	7.5±4.7c	-50.2±10.7	D
M. glomerata-Hx	6.9±2.9b	7.0±3.6b	7.4±1.2c	-50.9±10.7	D
L. ericoides-Cl	12.3±5.4a	12.8±4.5a	7.3±2.9c	-51.2±10.7	D
L. granmongolense-Et	13.3±4.8a	9.9±3.7b	6.8±1.0c	-53.9±10.7	D
T. elegans-Et	9.3±2.7b	9.5±1.7b	6.6±1.9c	-55.0±10.7	D
M. glomerata-Cl	5.7±1.6b	5.3±1.1b	6.3±1.9c	-56.4±10.7	D
T. clausenii-Hx	7.1±4.1b	9.3±2.8b	6.3±1.7c	-56.8±10.7	D
T. clausenii-Cl	12.3±3.3a	8.5±3.0b	5.5±1.9c	-60.9±10.7	D
M. azedarach-Et	7.7±3.1b	5.8±2.3b	5.5±1.5c	-60.9±10.7	D
T. pallida-Hx	7.8±3.6b	6.4±3.8b	5.0±2.8c	-63.9±10.7	D
L. salicifolia-Hx	8.0±2.7b	10.7±3.3a	5.0±2.5c	-63.9±10.7	D
T. casaretti-Hx	11.7±3.4a	12.3±4.9a	5.0±1.5c	-63.9±10.7	D
L. granmongolense-Cl	6.6±1.6b	4.8±1.2b	4.8±1.5c	-65.1±10.7	D
T. pallida-Cl	8.9±2.0b	6.0±1.7b	4.8±0.9c	-65.1±10.7	D
T. casaretti-Et	6.6±1.3b	5.7±1.6b	4.5±0.9c	-67.1±10.7	D
L. granmongolense-Hx	6.9±2.0b	5.1±1.6b	4.4±2.1c	-67.6±10.7	D
M. glomerata-Et	4.7±2.0b	5.0±2.2b	3.9±0.9c	-70.9±10.7	D
L. ericoides-Et	5.7±1.3b	6.6±1.6b	3.7±1.2c	-71.8±10.7	D
T. catigua-Hx	4.7±0.7b	4.0±0.8b	3.7±1.2c	-72.2±10.7	D
L. salicifolia-Et	6.3±1.4b	5.3±1.2b	2.6±0.7c	-79.5±10.7	D
A. indica-Hx	1.5±0.6b	1.7±0.5b	1.5±0.9c	-87.4±10.7	D
A. indica-Cl	3.1±0.8b	1.3±0.5b	0.9±0.4c	-92.6±10.7	D
F	2.08*	2.45*	2.39^*	---	---
CV (%)	81.42	79.55	81.91	---	---

Treatment TP-Cl (%)²	Mortality of nymphs¹ (%)			Viability of eggs¹ (%)		Incubation period (days)
Treatment TP-Cl (%)²	1 DAA	3 DAA	7 DAA	7 DAA	10 DAA	Incubation period (days)
3.0	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a	16.7±3.3b	28.9±8.7c	7.0±0.2a
2.0	97.8±1.1a	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a	34.4±9.7b	37.8±6.8c	5.9±0.3a
1.5	93.3±3.3a	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a	33.3±3.3b	50.0±3.8c	6.4±0.5a
1.0	81.1±6.7b	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a	66.7±8.8a	86.7±8.4a	6.6±0.4a
0.5	73.3±8.4b	95.6±2.2a	100.0±0.0a	61.1±11.3a	64.4±9.5b	5.4±0.2a
0.1	57.8±8.0c	80.0±6.7b	91.1±4.4b	67.8±10.9a	70.0±10.2b	6.2±0.2a
Control - acetone	0.0±0.0d	1.1±1.1c	12.2±2.9c	76.7±12.0a	100.0±0.0a	6.3±0.3a
Control - water	0.0±0.0d	0.0±0.0c	0.0±0.0d	92.2±7.8a	100.0±0.0a	4.8±0.8a
F	70.62^*	315.27^*	521.41^*	8.04^*	14.79^*	2.74^*
CV (%)	13.51	6.04	4,33	27.73	18.21	11.73

Associação Brasileira de Horticultura Embrapa Hortaliças, C. Postal 218, 70275-970 Brasília-DF, Tel. (61) 3385 9099, Tel. (81) 3320 6064, www.abhorticultura.com.br - Vitoria da Conquista - BA - Brazil
E-mail: associacaohorticultura@gmail.com

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[TFN1] ¹Extracts: Hx= hexanic; Cl= chloroformic; Et= ethanolic; ²Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by Scott Knott’s test (p≥0.05); ³Oviposition preference index: OPI = #91;(T-C)/(T+C)]x100, where T= extract evaluated and P= standard or control. OPI ranges from +100 for very stimulating (S), 0 for neutral (N) up to -100 for very deterrent (D).