Physical and chemical characterization of yacon tuberous roots at different altitudes and planting times

Silva, Diego MN; Lima, Raquel R; Oliveira, Fábio L; Teixeira, Luciano JQ; Machado, Leonard CA

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620180209

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 36 (2) • Apr-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620180209 copy

Physical and chemical characterization of yacon tuberous roots at different altitudes and planting times

Caracterização física e química de raízes tuberosas de yacon produzida em diferentes altitudes e épocas de plantio

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The post-harvest quality of yacon tuberous roots produced at different altitudes and planting times were characterized in this study. The experiment was conducted in the South of Espírito Santo State in two locations, one at 837 m altitude and the other one at 113 m altitude. The experimental design, in each place, was randomized blocks with four replications, and the treatments consisted of three planting seasons: April (autumn), July (winter) and September (spring). After harvest of the tuberous roots, we evaluated pH, titratable total acidity, moisture content, soluble solids, reducing sugars, crude fiber and ash, as well as color, hardness (maximum force recorded in the first penetration or compression cycle) and chewiness index (energy required to chew food, given by gumminess x elasticity). Tuberous roots grown at 837 m altitude, independent of planting times, presented higher soluble solids content and lighter juice, conferring better quality. However, at 113 m altitude, from April to July, the roots showed better quality, since it presents lower hardness and lighter juice.

Keywords:
Smallanthus sonchifolius; post-harvest quality; instrumental coloration; sensorial traits

Growing altitude	pH	Acidity² (%)	Moisture (%, bu)	b*³
837 m	6.78 a¹	0.071 b	88.96 b	42.88 a
113 m	6.66 a	0.088 a	90.40 a	38.72 a
Planting time
April	6.83 a¹	0.076 a	91.21 a	41.90 a
July	6.76 a	0.076 a	88.86 b	44.07 a
September	6.57 a	0.086 a	88.97 b	36.43 a
CV (%)	4.05	9.49	0.73	10.35

Planting time	Growing altitudes(m)
	837	113	837	113
	Soluble solids (°Brix)		Reducing sugar (% m/m)
April	12.30 b	8.58 c	4,84 a	3,43 b
July	11.33 c	9.25 b	4,16 b	5,36 a
September	13.60 a	11.65 a	4,91 a	4,89 a
Averages¹	12.41 A	9.83 B	4,64 A	4,56 A
CV(%)	2.34		7.91
	Crude fiber (% bs)		Ashes (% bu)
April	28.49 a	21.30 b	0,25 a	0,36 b
July	19.68 b	25.68 a	0,16 b	0,35 b
September	19.20 b	13.38 c	0,23 a	0,55 a
Averages¹	22.46 A	20.12 A	0,21 B	0,42 A
CV(%)	8.99		8.54

Planting time	Growing altitudes(m)
	837	113	837	113
	L*		a*
April	40.24 a	36.64 a	2.93 a	7.17 a
July	43.38 a	39.29 a	2.94 a	5.05 b
September	43.78 a	24.64 b	3.22 a	0.99 c
Averages¹	42.46 A	33.53 B	3.03 B	4.40 A
CV(%)	8.94		18.04
	Hardness³ (g)		Chewing index⁴ (g)
April	474.08 a	448.17 b	33.83 a	14.08 b
July	490.00 a	458.67 b	19.08 b	11.42 b
September	484.25 a	775.00 a	24.25 b	32.42 a
Averages¹	482.78 A	560.61 A	25.72 A	19.31 B
CV(%)	11.52		14.50

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[TFN1] ¹Averages followed by same letters, vertically, do not differ by F test for growing altitudes, and Tukey for planting times, both at 5% probability; ²Acidity expressed in % malic acid; ³Coordinate b* color.