Productivity of lettuce in greenhouse as affected by humic and fulvic acids application in association to mineral fertilizer

Lüdtke, Ana Cristina; Dick, Deborah P; Morosino, Luiza; Kraemer, Vicente

doi:10.1590/s0102-0536-20210414

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Research • Hortic. Bras. 39 (4) • Oct-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20210414 copy

Productivity of lettuce in greenhouse as affected by humic and fulvic acids application in association to mineral fertilizer

Produtividade da alface em resposta à aplicação de ácidos fúlvicos e ácidos húmicos associado a fertilizante mineral em casa de vegetação

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Humic substances (HS) have proved to be effective in improving the productivity of vegetable crops. We examined the effect of commercial biostimulants rich in humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) obtained from leonardite on agronomic efficiency and nutrient content in the leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). A greenhouse experiment was carried out employing 2.5-L pots containing Ultisol samples that were supplied with commercial biostimulants rich in HA and FA, alone and in combination with NPK mineral fertilizer. The application of HS biostimulants associated to mineral fertilization to the lettuce plants provided the greatest values of the studied variables, namely: plant height and diameter, leaf number per plant and root length. The combination of FA biostimulants and mineral fertilization increased the lettuce productivity relative to the inorganic fertilizer alone. The combined application of rich biostimulants FA and HA with NPK fertilizes influenced K and Fe uptake by the plants, and their accumulation in the aerial portion. Our results suggest that HS products potentialize the nutritional effect of the mineral fertilizer, when applied in combination.

Keywords:
Lactuca sativa; humic acids; fulvic acids; biostimulant

Biostimulants	OC²	P	N_total	K	Ca	Mg	Cu	Mn	Fe	Zn	pH
Biostimulants	(g kg^-1)				(mg kg^{- 1})						pH
Growmate Plant^TM3	310	52.1	9.7	1.3	0.3	6.4	0.01	0.01	24.64	23.8	6.6
Growmate Soil^TM3	398	54.5	9.7	5.9	0.3	7.1	0.01	0.01	47.38	27.0	6.6

Days	Control	HA	HA+NPK	NPK	FA	FA+NPK
Number of leaves
0	4^ns	4^ns	4^ns	4^ns	4^ns	4^ns
21	8.5^ab	9^ab	10.2^ab	9.75^ab	9^ab	10.7^a
35	15.7^bc	13.2^c	15.7^bc	18.5^ab	12.7^c	22.2^a
48	18.2^c	20.7^bc	22.2^b	24^ab	22.5^b	27.5^a
Diameter (cm)
0	5^ns	5^ns	5^ns	5^ns	5^ns	5^ns
21	16.3^b	15.1^b	16.1^b	23.5^a	14.8^b	24.1^a
35	20.5^c	27.1^b	25.5^b	26.1^b	23.8^bc	33.3^a
48	24.7^c	30.5^b	29.2^b	28.7^b	29.7^b	34.7^a
Plant height (cm)
0	5^ns	5^ns	5^ns	5^ns	5^ns	5^ns
21	7.1^b	7.6b	11.0a	9.1ab	7.7b	10.7ª
35	8.5^d	11c	13.5a	13.2ab	11.5bc	14.7ª
48	11.5^b	12.2b	13.5ab	13.7ab	13.7ab	15.2ª
Root length (cm)
21	9.7^b	10.1^b	15.0^a	14.0^ab	11.7^ab	13.5^ab
35	15.7^b	18.2^ab	22.0^a	20.2^ab	18.2^ab	22.2^a
48	16.5^c	24.2^ab	27.0^a	22.2^b	21.2^b	24.2^ab

Treatments	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	Cu	Zn	Mn	Fe	B
Treatments	(g kg^-1)					(mg kg^-1)
Control	19.2^ns	2.8^ns	19.8^b	9.1^ns	4.2^ab	2.3^a	5.2^ab	35.5^ns	113.2^c	208.2^c	34.1^ns
HA	23.5^ns	3.4^ns	21.1^b	8.6^ns	5.5^a	2.3^a	7.4^ab	29.6^ns	116.5^bc	246.1^c	34.3^ns
HA + NPK	17.4^ns	3.5^ns	27.0^ab	8.5^ns	3.4^b	1.8^b	4.2^b	39.5^ns	183.5^a	671.4^a	32.4^ns
NPK	19.6^ns	3.2^ns	22.4^b	8.2^ns	3.2^b	2.6^a	4.6^b	30.2^ns	139.5^abc	329.3^bc	32.1^ns
FA	21.1^ns	3.4^ns	26.1^ab	9.1^ns	5.4^a	2.4^a	7.1^ab	28.1^ns	182.2^ab	343.2^bc	33.3^ns
FA + NPK	17.1^ns	3.2^ns	35.4^a	10.5^ns	4.3^ab	1.7^b	4.3^b	44.3^ns	198.3^a	566.5^b	34.2^ns

Treatments	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	Cu	Zn	Fe	Mn	B
Treatments	(mg plant^-1)
Control	121.1b	15.0d	116.4c	59.7d	29.6c	13.6c	0.03b	0.22ns	1.29b	0.70d	0.21e
HA	177.3a	22.8cd	158.4c	66.9cd	38.7bc	16.6bc	0.05ab	0.22ns	1.86b	0.88cd	0.26de
HA+NPK	189.9a	33.5ab	302.2b	89.8b	41.7ab	16.7abc	0.05ab	0.43ns	7.37a	2.01ab	0.35ab
NPK	187.8a	31.4abc	214.6bc	82.4bc	38.7bc	20.2a	0.06a	0.29ns	3.21b	1.36bcd	0.33bc
FA	176.4a	25.6bc	213.4bc	78.3bcd	41.6ab	19.2ab	0.06a	0.23ns	2.82b	1.50bc	0.28bc
FA+NPK	201.1a	39.5a	415.8a	120.5a	49.6a	19.3ab	0.05ab	0.52ns	6.73a	2.36ª	0.38a

Associação Brasileira de Horticultura Embrapa Hortaliças, C. Postal 218, 70275-970 Brasília-DF, Tel. (61) 3385 9099, Tel. (81) 3320 6064, www.abhorticultura.com.br - Vitoria da Conquista - BA - Brazil
E-mail: associacaohorticultura@gmail.com

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[TFN1] ¹Information given by the biostimulants producer.^:Growmate (2020)GROWMATE International LCC. 2020. Soil. Available at:<Available at:http://growmateintl.com/products/agriculture/growmate-soil/ >. AccessedJune 28, 2020.
http://growmateintl.com/products/agricul... ; ²OC= organic carbon.