Beet-arugula intercropping under green manuring and planting density induce to agro-economic advantages

Lino, Vitor AS; Bezerra Neto, Francisco; Lima, Jailma SS; Santos, Elizangela C; Nunes, Renato LC; Guerra, Natan M; Lino, Francisca Karla KS; Sá, Jolinda M; Silva, Josimar N

doi:10.1590/s0102-0536-20210413

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Research • Hortic. Bras. 39 (4) • Oct-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20210413 copy

Beet-arugula intercropping under green manuring and planting density induce to agro-economic advantages

Consórcio de beterraba e rúcula sob adubação verde e densidade de plantio levam a vantagens agroeconômicas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

One of the biggest challenges in the intercropping system of two crops is to obtain the optimal dose of green manure and the adequate population density of the crops. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of beet and arugula intercropping, influenced by green manuring with Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera and arugula population densities in two cultivation years, in semi-arid environment. The experimental design used was in randomized complete blocks, with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The first factor of this scheme consisted of equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha^-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor, by arugula population densities (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended density for single cropping, corresponding to 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 thousand arugula plants ha^-1). The production and its components were evaluated on beet and arugula. In addition to these characteristics, the following agro-economic indicators were also determined for each treatment: system productivity index (SPI), land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The greatest agro-economic advantages of the beet with arugula intercropping were achieved with a system productivity index (SPI) of 53.47 t ha^-1, land equivalent coefficient (LEC) of 0.84 and a monetary equivalent ratio (MER) of 1.56, respectively, combining 65 t ha^-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass with the arugula population density of 1,000 thousand plants ha^-1. The maximum optimized commercial productivity of beetroots in the system intercropped with arugula was 23.20 t ha^-1 using 65 t ha^-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera and in the arugula population density of 1,000 thousand plants ha^-1, while the maximum arugula productivity intercropped with beet was 9.65 t ha^-1, in the same combination of green manures amount and arugula population density.

Keywords:
Beta vulgaris; Eruca sativa; Merremia aegyptia; Calotropis procera; mixed-cropping economic returns

Population densities of intercropping crops (thousand plants ha^-1)		Spacings (m)
Beet	Arugula	Beet	Arugula
500	400	0.20 x 0.05	0.20 x 0.100 (2 pls)^†
500	600	0.20 x 0.05	0.20 x 0.075 (2 pls)
500	800	0.20 x 0.05	0.20 x 0.060 (2 pls)
500	1,000	0.20 x 0.05	0.20 x 0.050 (2 pls)
Population densities of the crops in monocropping (thousand plants ha^-1)
Beet	500	0.20 x 0.10
Arugula	1,000		0.20 x 0.05

Sources of variation	PH	NLP	GMY		DMS
Blocks (cropping years)	3.16**	8.36**	2.74**		4.11**
Cropping years (Y)	182.46**	60.11**	74.77**		11.13**
Amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (A)	58.46**	25.36**	52.14**		21.95**
Population densities of arugula (D)	2.12^ns	11.26**	26.66**		10.95**
Y x A	1.48^ns	1.09^ns	0.01^ns		0.11^ns
Y x D	3.21*	1.34^ns	0.82^ns		0.54^ns
A x D	1.80^ns	1.08^ns	1.23^ns		0.84^ns
Y x A x D	1.14^ns	0.59^ns	0.59^ns		0.84^ns
Monocropping (M) x Intercropping (I)	2.21^ns	4.71*	24.51**		281.67**
Y x M vs I	0.04^ns	0.13^ns	20.90**		1.27^ns
CV (%)	7.51	9.43	18.75		18.75
Cropping years
2018	13.40B	6.90B			0.10B
2019	15.94A	7.84A			0.12A
Cropping systems			2018	2019
Intercropping	14.08A	7.92A	10.05aA	7.93bA	0.29A
Monocropping	14.67A	7.36A	5.61bB	7.76aA	0.12B

Sources of variation	PH		DMS	PCR		PLR	PEAAR	PEAR		PER
Blocks (cropping years)	2.19*		2.30*	2.41*		0.90^ns	1.09^ns	1.31^ns		0.47^ns
Cropping years (Y)	120.74**		71.23**	138.57**		194.91**	28.24**	0.07^ns		23.86**
Amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (A)	4.52**		9.80**	35.05**		19.86**	7.21**	1.22^ns		0.84^ns
Population densities of arugula (D)	3.65*		0.63^ns	1.79^ns		0.23^ns	0.25^ns	2.26^ns		0.90^ns
Y x A	5.47**		3.70**	5.03**		5.74**	1.49^ns	1.03^ns		4.38**
Y x D	0.21^ns		1.89^ns	0.41^ns		2.09^ns	0.99^ns	0.11^ns		1.44^ns
A x D	0.38^ns		1.45^ns	0.26^ns		0.68^ns	0.89^ns	0.49^ns		1.50^ns
Y x A x D	0.58^ns		0.80^ns	0.89^ns		0.82^ns	0.52^ns	0.58^ns		1.00^ns
Monocropping (M) x Intercropping (I)	8.10**		1.24^ns	43.43**		3.33*	9.27**	7.75**		6.43*
Y x M vs I	8.98**		1.88^ns	23.12**		0.06^ns	0.93^ns	11.61**		14.16**
CV (%)	8.90		23.35	14.93		45.87	35.20	39.25		28.53
Cropping years
2018	37.77B		0.36B	17.17B		3.62B	4.97B	4.20A		4.38A
2019	46.80A		0.52A	24.43A		10.08A	7.02A	4.03A		3.30B
Cropping systems	2018	2019		2018	2019			2018	2019	2018	2019
Intercropping	37.77bB	44.80aA	0.44A	17.33bB	26.24aA	5.16B	5.99B	4.20aA	4.03aB	4.38aA	3.30bA
Monocropping	45.21aA	44.61bA	0.48A	32.79aA	25.94bA	7.28A	8.39A	3.82bA	7.76aA	1.90bB	3.78aA

Sources of variation	SPI	LEC	MER
Blocks	0.45^ns	1.33^ns	0.81^ns
Amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (A)	21.47**	14.33**	16.02**
Population densities of arugula (D)	84.72**	77.60**	90.66**
A x D	1.23^ns	1.41^ns	1.32^ns
CV (%)	10.67	15.70	7.92

Associação Brasileira de Horticultura Embrapa Hortaliças, C. Postal 218, 70275-970 Brasília-DF, Tel. (61) 3385 9099, Tel. (81) 3320 6064, www.abhorticultura.com.br - Vitoria da Conquista - BA - Brazil
E-mail: associacaohorticultura@gmail.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[TFN1] ^† 2pls - Means two plants per hole.