Gerenciamento de risco da cadeia de suprimentos em terminais portuários de contêineres

Dias, Gabriela Costa; Leal Junior, Ilton Curty; Oliveira, Ualison Rébula de

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

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Sumário

Original Articles • Gest. Prod. 26 (3) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530X4900-19 copiar

Gerenciamento de risco da cadeia de suprimentos em terminais portuários de contêineres

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Como os portos marítimos são elos comuns e cruciais nas cadeias de suprimentos de várias organizações, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os riscos que um porto pode oferecer às organizações em sua cadeia e como eles são conduzidos por seus gestores. Uma pesquisa exploratória foi realizada utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas com funcionários da empresa que opera o terminal de contêineres e carvão do segundo maior porto brasileiro. Os resultados revelaram que não há um processo estruturado de gerenciamento de riscos pela administração portuária. Entretanto, várias ações são tomadas como reação às situações de risco. Destaca-se, assim, o esclarecimento de tais questões e seus beneficios, contribuindo para a literatura e auxiliando os profissionais na estruturação de um processo de gerenciamento de riscos da cadeia de suprimentos.

Palavras-chave:
Gerenciamento de riscos em cadeias de suprimentos; Portos marítimos; Logística; SCRM

Risks	Description	Authors
Supply	Any risk of interruption of the flow between a company and supplier that prevents the supplier from satisfying its commitment to reliability.	Diabat et al. (2012)Diabat, A., Govindan, K., & Panicker, V. V. (2012). Supply chain risk management and its mitigation in a food industry. International Journal of Production Research , 50(11), 3039-3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.588619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.... , Pfohl et al. (2010)Pfohl, H.-C., Köhler, H., & Thomas, D. (2010). State of the art in supply chain risk management research: empirical and conceptual findings and a roadmap for the implementation in practice. Logistics Research, 2(1), 33-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12159-010-0023-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12159-010-002... , Scannell et al. (2013)Scannell, T., Curkovic, S., & Wagner, B. (2013). Integration of ISO 31000:2009 and supply chain risk management. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3(4), 367-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2013.34043. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2013.340... .
Environmental	Risks beyond the supply chain, such as economic crises, strikes, regulatory/legislative changes that influence the flows in the chain.	Pfohl et al. (2010)Pfohl, H.-C., Köhler, H., & Thomas, D. (2010). State of the art in supply chain risk management research: empirical and conceptual findings and a roadmap for the implementation in practice. Logistics Research, 2(1), 33-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12159-010-0023-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12159-010-002... , Jüttner (2005)Jüttner, U. (2005). Supply chain risk management: understanding the business requirements from a practitioner perspective. International Journal of Logistics Management, 16(1), 120-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574090510617385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574090510617... .
Demand	Risks inherent to supply and demand, including availability of stocks, adequate management of new products, variations in demand, etc.	Manuj & Mentzer (2008)Manuj, I., & Mentzer, J. T. (2008). Global supply chain risk management. Journal of Business Logistics, 29(1), 133-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2008.tb00072.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.20... , Ghadge et al. (2012)Ghadge, A., Dani, S., & Kalawsky, R. (2012). Supply chain risk management: present and future scope. International Journal of Logistics Management, 23(3), 313-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574091211289200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574091211289... , Diabat et al. (2012)Diabat, A., Govindan, K., & Panicker, V. V. (2012). Supply chain risk management and its mitigation in a food industry. International Journal of Production Research , 50(11), 3039-3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.588619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.... .
Discrete	Exogenous events to the chain, normal not foreseeable and with negative consequences, such as terrorist attacks, contagious diseases and natural disasters.	Trkman & McCormack (2009)Trkman, P., & McCormack, K. (2009). Supply chain risk in turbulent environments: a conceptual model for managing supply chain network risk. International Journal of Production Economics, 119(2), 247-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.03.002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.03... .
Operational	Risks such as operational/technical failures, productive losses and technological changes in products and machinery.	Diabat et al. (2012)Diabat, A., Govindan, K., & Panicker, V. V. (2012). Supply chain risk management and its mitigation in a food industry. International Journal of Production Research , 50(11), 3039-3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.588619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.... , Manuj & Mentzer (2008)Manuj, I., & Mentzer, J. T. (2008). Global supply chain risk management. Journal of Business Logistics, 29(1), 133-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2008.tb00072.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.20... , Tang (2006)Tang, C. S. (2006). Perspectives in supply chain risk management. International Journal of Production Economics, 103(2), 451-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2005.12.006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2005.12... , Shi (2004)Shi, D. (2004). A review of enterprise supply chain risk management. Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 13(2), 219-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11518-006-0162-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11518-006-016... .
Rupture	Disturbances caused by natural disasters and/or human actions, caused by a single factor or series of factors.	Tang (2006)Tang, C. S. (2006). Perspectives in supply chain risk management. International Journal of Production Economics, 103(2), 451-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2005.12.006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2005.12... , Shu et al. (2014)Shu, T., Chen, S., Wang, S., & Lai, K. K. (2014). GBOM-oriented management of production disruption risk and optimization of supply chain construction. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(1), 59-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07... .

	Employee “S”	Employee “A”
Schooling Level	Master’s Degree	Bachelor’s Degree
Time with the Company	5.5 years	7 years
Department	Port Operations	Port Operations
Position	Port Operations Specialist	Supply Analyst
Time in the Position	5.5 years	6 years

		Employee E			Employee A
		Frequency	Gravity	Could it have been avoided?	Frequency	Gravity	Could it have been avoided?
Supply	Delayed delivery	Monthly	NA	Yes	Quarterly	5	Yes
	Product outside specifications	Semiannually	4	Yes	Semiannually	5	Yes
	Altered quantity	Semiannually	2	Yes	Semiannually	3	Yes
Environmental	Economic crises	More than annually	4	No	Annually	5	Yes
	Strikes	Annually	4	No	Never occurred	NA	NA
	Legal/regulatory changes	Weekly	1 to 5	No	Semiannually	1	No
Discrete	Terrorist attacks	Never occurred	5	No	Never occurred	NA	No
	Contagious diseases	More than annually	5	Yes	Never occurred	NA	Yes
	Natural disasters	Never occurred	5	No	Never occurred	NA	No
Demand	Variations in demand	Twice monthly	5	No	Semiannually	5	Yes
Demand	Inventory shortages	Annually	5	Yes	Monthly	5	Yes
Operational	Technical failures	Daily	1 to 5	Yes	Monthly	3	Yes
	Losses in the process	Quarterly	5	Yes	Weekly	5	Yes
	Alterations in production	Weekly	2 to 3	Yes	NA	NA	NA
	Technological changes	Annually	5	Yes	NA	NA	NA
	Breakdown of equipment	Weekly	5	Yes	Weekly	5	Yes
Rupture	Supplier failed to deliver material	Semiannually	5	Yes	Semiannually	5	Yes
Rupture	Lack of exchange of information along the chain	Annually	5	Yes	Weekly	5	Yes
Others	Work-related accidents	More than annually	5	Yes
	Environmental (e.g., threats to a rare dolphin species, oil leaks, silting)	Never occurred	5	Yes
	Access of supplier to the port installations				Semiannually	5	Yes
	Failure of a system or network				Weekly	5	Yes
	Location far from the urban center				Semiannually	5	Yes

Universidade Federal de São Carlos Departamento de Engenharia de Produção , Caixa Postal 676 , 13.565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 3351 8471 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: gp@dep.ufscar.br

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[1] Source: Authors (2017).