Desenvolvimento de empresas de base tecnológica da região do Vale do Paraíba Paulista: pesquisa com gestores de incubadoras e empresas incubadas

Lopes, Walter Saraiva; Sassi, Renato José

Walter Saraiva Lopes

Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, Rua Urbano Santos, s/n, Centro, CEP 65900-410, Imperatriz, MA, Brasil, e-mail: w.saraiva@yahoo.com.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-2384

Renato José Sassi

Programa de Pós-graduação em Informática e Gestão do Conhecimento, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, Liberdade, CEP 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, e-mail: sassi@uni9.pro.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5276-4895

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (18)

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Figure 1
Evolution of business incubators in Brazil (1988 - 2009). Source: Adapted from ANPROTEC (2010)Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Tecnologias Avançadas – ANPROTEC. (2010). Brasília: ANPROTEC. Retrieved in 2010, March 16, from www.anprotec.com.br
www.anprotec.com.br... .

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Figure 2
Difficulties encountered by Brazilian TBFs during the incubation period. Source: Raupp & Beuren (2009)Raupp, F. M., & Beuren, I. M. (2009). Programas oferecidos pelas incubadoras brasileiras às empresas incubadas. Revista de Administração e Inovação, 6(1), 83-107..

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Figure 3
Location of the Vale do Paraíba Paulista region in the state of São Paulo.

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Table 1
Main characteristics of TBFs.

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Table 2
Number of incubators and incubators in the VPP region in March 2011.

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Table 3
Invited TBIs and TBFs.

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Table 4
TBIs and TBFs that answered the questionnaire, composing the research sample.

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Table 5
Age of TBIs.

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Table 6
Capacity and number of TBFs incubated in TBIs (June 2011).

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Table 7
Percentage of survival in the incubation period and graduation in the period of five years.

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Table 8
TBFs incubation time in months.

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Table 9
Likert scale to determine the degree of importance attributed to contribution factors.

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Table 10
Degree of importance, in the perception of the managers of TBIs, of the entrepreneurial characteristics (part 1).

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Table 11
Degree of importance given, in the perception of TBIs managers, to the resources offered by TBIs (part 2).

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Table 12
Degree of importance of resources offered in partnerships with other development agents in the perception of managers of TBIs (part 3).

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Table 13
Degree of importance, in the perception of the managers of TBIs, of the selection requirements by TBIs (part 4).

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Table 14
Degree of importance, in the perception of the TBF managers, of the entrepreneurial characteristics (part 1).

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Table 15
Degree of importance, in the perception of TBF managers, of the resources offered by TBIs (part 2).

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Table 16
Degree of importance, in the perception of TBF managers, of the resources offered in partnerships with other development agents (part 3).

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Table 17
Degree of importance, in the perception of the TBF managers, of the selection requirements by the TBIs (part 4).

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Entrepreneurial characteristics (part 1) Degree of Importance Innovation 1 2 3 4 5 Leadership 1 2 3 4 5 Accept risks 1 2 3 4 5 Independence 1 2 3 4 5 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5 Initiative 1 2 3 4 5 Perseverance 1 2 3 4 5 Persistence 1 2 3 4 5 Owner's Learning Layout 1 2 3 4 5 Identification of new business opportunities 1 2 3 4 5 Decision-making 1 2 3 4 5 Resources offered by TBIs (part 2) Degree of Importance Access to laboratories (high-precision or high-cost equipment) 1 2 3 4 5 Library access 1 2 3 4 5 Using the module 1 2 3 4 5 Availability of facilities infrastructure (meeting room, cafeteria, toilets, among others) 1 2 3 4 5 Availability of communication services infrastructure (telephone, fax, Internet, computers, among others) 1 2 3 4 5 Existence of advisory and consulting services (accountant, lawyer, administrator, engineer, financier, etc.) 1 2 3 4 5 Participation of university researchers (teachers and students) 1 2 3 4 5 Participation of owners in events (seminars, congresses, fairs, courses etc.) 1 2 3 4 5 Business and management support services 1 2 3 4 5 Support services for technological training 1 2 3 4 5 Resources offered in partnerships with other development agents (part 3) Degree of Importance Partnership with universities 1 2 3 4 5 Partnership with research centers and R & D institutes 1 2 3 4 5 Support of the National Program to Support the Business Incubator 1 2 3 4 5 Support for Human Resource Capacity Building Programs for Strategic Activities 1 2 3 4 5 Support for Micro and Small Business Technology Support Programs 1 2 3 4 5 SEBRAE Consulting through Programs offered 1 2 3 4 5 Access to the Inovar Project to provide financing 1 2 3 4 5 Support of the Brazil Entrepreneurial Training Program 1 2 3 4 5 Support from Financial Agents (Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, Banco do Empreendedor etc.) 1 2 3 4 5 Access to programs provided by CNPq, FAPESP, among others 1 2 3 4 5 Requirements for selection of TBFs by TBIs (part 4) Degree of Importance Requirement of a product or service with technical and economic feasibility 1 2 3 4 5 Demand for product or service with innovative features 1 2 3 4 5 Technical capacity of the owner (s) 1 2 3 4 5 Management skill of the owner (s) 1 2 3 4 5 Profile of owner (s) and team 1 2 3 4 5 Sector of activity of the enterprise 1 2 3 4 5 Experience of the owner (s) in the sector of performance 1 2 3 4 5 Possibility of generating new jobs 1 2 3 4 5 Possible contribution to the region's economic development 1 2 3 4 5 Possibility of interaction with universities or research centers 1 2 3 4 5 Possible financial return of the development 1 2 3 4 5 Use of a non-polluting or low-polluting production process 1 2 3 4 5 Sustainability of the project presented by incubated 1 2 3 4 5

Authors	Characteristics
Toledo et al. (2008)Toledo, J. C., Silva, S. L., Mendes, G. H. S., & Jugend, D. (2008). Fatores críticos de sucesso no gerenciamento de projetos de desenvolvimento de produto em empresas de base tecnológica de pequeno e médio porte. Revista Gestão e Produção, 15(1), 117-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-530X2008000100011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-530X2008...	Tecnologic innovation; • Systematic application of technical-scientific knowledge; • Acting in niche market.
Torkomian & Piekarski (2008)Torkomian, A. L. V., & Piekarski, A. E. T. (2008). Gestão da tecnologia. In M. O. Batalha (Ed.), Introdução à Engenharia de Produção (1. ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.	• Innovation process; • Technological development.
Berté e Almeida (2006)Berté, E. C. O. P., & Almeida, M. I. R. (2006). Contribuição ao processo de formulação estratégica em pequenas empresas de base tecnológica – PTBC’s. In Anais do Encontro Luso-brasileiro de Estratégia. Balneário Camboriú: SLADE.	Ensuring innovation requires high-level human resources; • Stimulate continuing education.
Filion (1999)Filion, L. J. (1999). Diferenças entre sistemas gerenciais de empreendedores e operadores de pequenas negócios. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 39(4), 6-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75901999000400002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75901999...	• The entrepreneur is the key person in the operation of the company, because it is he who creates and develops the business vision with conviction, towards a goal.

NUMBER	INCUBATORS	PARTNERS	INCUBATED COMPANIES
1	UNIVAP	Universidade do Vale do Paraíba	4
2	REVAP	Refinaria Henrique Lage (Petrobrás REVAP e Universidade do Vale do Paraíba)	12
3	INCUBAERO	Comando-Geral de Tecnologia Aeroespacial	10
4	INCUBADORA DE NEGÓCIOS	Prefeitura de São José dos Campos	12
5	JACAREÍ	Prefeitura de Jacareí	14
6	INNOVATORE	SEBRAE de Pindamonhangaba	6
7	INOVE	Prefeitura e Associação Comercial de Guaratinguetá	4
	Total		62

	TBIs	TBFs
1	UNIVAP	4
2	REVAP	4
3	INCUBAERO	8
4	INCUBADORA DE NEGÓCIOS	12
5	INNOVATORE	6
6	INOVE	4
	Total	38

INCUBATORS	TBIs	TBFs
UNIVAP	Yes	2
REVAP	No	4
INCUBAERO	Yes	2
INCUBADORA DE NEGÓCIOS	Yes	10
INNOVATORE	Yes	4
INOVE	Yes	3
Total	5	25

INCUBATOR	YEAR OF CREATION	AGE
INCUBAERO	2004	7
INNOVATORE	2007	4
INOVE	2006	5
NEGÓCIOS	2004	7
UNIVAP	1997	14

INCUBATOR	CAPACITY	INCUBATED
INCUBAERO	10	8
INNOVATORE	10	6
INOVE	20	4
NEGÓCIOS	15	12
REVAP^* * The REVAP data in this table was obtained by telephone.	10	4
UNIVAP	10	4

	INOVE	UNIVAP	NEGÓCIOS	INCUBAERO	INNOVATORE
Incubation Period	70%	90%	100%	100%	100%
Graduation Period	70%	100%	80%	100%	100%

Incubation time in months	Till 12	13 to 245	25 to 36	37 to 48	Above 49
Number of TBFs	5	9	1	8	1

IMPORTANCE ATTRIBUTED
1	2	3	4	5
Not Important	Little Important	Indifferent	Important	Very Important

Entrepreneurial characteristics	Number of TBIs respondents	Degree of Importance
Entrepreneurial characteristics	Number of TBIs respondents	1	2	3	4	5
Innovative	5	-	-	-	1	4
Leader	5	-	-	-	3	2
Assumes Risks	5	-	-	-	2	3
Independent	5	-	-	1	2	2
Creative	5	-	-	-	1	4
Own initiative	5	-	-	-	2	3
Persevering	5	-	-	-	3	2
Persistent	5	-	-	-	2	3
Willing to learn	5	-	-	-	3	2
Identified with new business opportunities	5	-	-	1	4	-
Decision maker	5	-	-	-	1	4
Can work in groups	3	-	-	-	2	1
It has systemic vision	3	-	-	-	2	1

Resources offered by TBIs	Number of TBIs respondents	Degree of Importance
Resources offered by TBIs	Number of TBIs respondents	1	2	3	4	5
Access to laboratories (high-precision or high-cost equipment)	5	-	1	-	2	2
Library access	5	-	-	1	3	1
Using the module	5	-	-		3	2
Availability of facilities infrastructure (meeting room, cafeteria, toilets, among others)	5	-	-	-	3	2
Availability of communication services infrastructure (telephone, fax, Internet, computers, among others)	5	-	-	-	3	2
Existence of advisory services through consultants (accountant, lawyer, administrator, engineer, financier, etc.)	5	-	-	-	2	3
Participation of university researchers (teachers and students)	5	-	-	1	1	3
Participation of owners (entrepreneurs) in events (seminars, fairs, courses etc.)	5	-	-	-	1	4
Business and management support services	5	-	-	-	2	3
Support services for technological training	5	-	-	-	1	4

Resources offered in partnerships with other development agents	Number of TBIs respondents	Degree of Importance
	Number of TBIs respondents	1	2	3	4	5
Partnership with universities	5	-	-	-	2	3
Partnership with research centers and R&D institutes	5	-	-	-	3	2
Support of the National Program to Support the Business Incubator	5	-	-	-	1	4
Support for Human Resource Capacity Building Programs for Strategic Activities	5	-	-	-	2	3
Support for Micro and Small Business Technology Support Programs	5	-	-	-	1	4
Support from SEBRAE Consulting through Programs offered	5	-	-	1	3	1
Support of the Inovar Project to provide funding	5	-	-	-	1	4
Support of the Brazil Entrepreneurial Training Program	5	-	-	1	2	2
Support from Financial Agents (Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, Banco do Empreendedor etc.)	5	-	-	1	2	2
Access to the programs made available by CNPq, FAPESP, etc.	5	-	-	-	1	4

Selection requirements by TBIs	Number of TBIs respondents	Degree of Importance
Selection requirements by TBIs	Number of TBIs respondents	1	2	3	4	5
Requirement of a product or service with technical and economic feasibility	5	-	-	-	1	4
Demand for product or service with innovative features	5	-	-	-	-	5
Technical qualification of the owner (s)	5	-	-	1	-	4
Management skill of the owner (s))	5	-	-	-	3	2
Profile of owner (s) and team	5	-	-	1	2	2
Sector of activity of the enterprise	5	-	-	-	1	4
Experience of the owner (s) in the sector of performance	5	-	-	-	2	3
Possibility of generating new jobs	5	-	-	-	3	2
Possible contribution to the region's economic development	5	-	-	-	3	2
Possibility of interaction with universities or research centers	5	-	-	-	1	4
Possible financial return of the development	5	-	-	-	1	4
Use of a non-polluting or low-polluting production process	5	-	-	-	2	3
Sustainability of the project presented by incubated	5	-	-	-	-	5

Entrepreneurial characteristics	Number of TBFs respondents	Degree of Importance
Entrepreneurial characteristics	Number of TBFs respondents	1	2	3	4	5
Innovation	25	-	-	-	9	16
Leadership	25	1	-	2	15	7
Accept risks	25	-	-	5	13	7
Independence	25	1	-	5	11	8
Creativity	25	-	1	4	5	15
Initiative	25	-	-	1	13	11
Perseverançe	25	-	-	1	7	17
Persistence	25	-	-	3	6	16
Owner's Learning Layout	25	-	1	1	6	17
Identification of new business opportunities	25	-	-	4	4	17
Decision-making	25	-	-	2	9	14

Resources offered by TBIs	Number of TBFs respondents	Degree of Importance
Resources offered by TBIs	Number of TBFs respondents	1	2	3	4	5
Access to laboratories (high-precision or high-cost equipment)	21	2	2	7	2	8
Library access	25	3	2	9	5	6
Using the module	24	1	1	3	9	10
Availability of facilities infrastructure (meeting room, cafeteria, toilets, among others)	25	-	-	2	8	15
Availability of communication services infrastructure (telephone, fax, Internet, computers, among others)	25	-	1	2	9	13
Existence of advisory and consulting services (accountant, lawyer, administrator, engineer, financier, etc.)	25	1	-	6	8	10
Participation of university researchers (teachers and students)	20	-	3	8	5	4
Participation of owners in events (seminars, congresses, fairs, courses etc.)	25	1	-	3	7	14
Business and management support services	25	1	-	1	12	11
Support services for technological training	25	2	-	5	7	11

Resources offered in partnerships with other development agents	Number of TBFs respondents	Degree of Importance
	Number of TBFs respondents	1	2	3	4	5
Partnership with universities	25	1	2	8	9	5
Partnership with research centers and R&D institutes	21	1	2	6	3	9
Support of the National Program to Support the Business Incubator	25	2	-	6	13	4
Support for Human Resource Capacity Building Programs for Strategic Activities	25	2	2	5	10	6
Support for Micro and Small Business Technology Support Programs	21	1	-	5	7	8
SEBRAE Consulting through Programs offered	25	-	3	2	10	10
Access to the Inovar Project to provide financing	25	3	2	6	8	6
Support of the Brazil Entrepreneurial Training Program	25	3	4	9	4	5
Support from Financial Agents (Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, Banco do Empreendedor etc.)	25	5	5	9	2	4
Access to the programs made available by CNPq, FAPESP, etc.	23	2	2	2	8	9

Selection requirements by TBIs	Number of TBFs respondents	Degree of Importance
Selection requirements by TBIs	Number of TBFs respondents	1	2	3	4	5
Requirement of a product or service with technical and economic feasibility	25	1	-	1	8	15
Demand for product or service with innovative features	25	2	-	2	12	9
Technical capacity of the owner (s)	25	1	-	5	7	12
Management skill of the owner (s)	25	1	1	11	9	3
Profile of owner (s) and team	25	1	-	7	16	1
Sector of activity of the enterprise	25	2	2	6	4	11
Experience of the owner (s) in the sector of performance	25	1	-	6	10	8
Possibility of generating new jobs	25	2	4	1	7	11
Possible contribution to the region's economic development	25	1	2	3	8	11
Possibility of interaction with universities or research centers	25	4	2	9	5	5
Possible financial return of the development	25	-	-	3	8	14
Use of a non-polluting or low-polluting production process	25	2	3	3	7	10
Sustainability of the project presented by incubated	25	1	2	2	9	11

[TFN1] ^*
The REVAP data in this table was obtained by telephone.

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Desenvolvimento de empresas de base tecnológica da região do Vale do Paraíba Paulista: pesquisa com gestores de incubadoras e empresas incubadas

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