Proposal of an empirical method to adjust time series for calendar and temperature effects

Abstract:

In Brazil, the behavior of electrical load, particularly in energy consumption, has been widely investigated over the past years. In general, this interest is due to the great financial and social importance of this input, as its failure or shortage can have a variety of damaging impacts to the country. This paper proposes a method to generate monthly load series freed from variations arising from two sources: calendar and temperature. To find the best fitting approach to removing these effects, we considered a totally empirical method and one with hybrid features, as it uses both empirical procedures and time series models. The data set used comes from daily observations from each one of the four subsystems that form the Brazilian Electricity Grid. However, the final task is to obtain unique monthly series for the entire grid, and not only the four subsystems. The quarterly GDP series was used to check the performance of the two proposed methods. It was noted that the adjustment difference is minimal in the two approaches studied, and that both series had a great explanatory power when compared with the time series without removing calendar and temperature effects.

Keywords:
Electrical load; Time series; Empirical method