Energy efficiency analysis of BRICS countries: a study using Data Envelopment Analysis

Camioto, Flávia de Castro; Rebelatto, Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento; Rocha, Roberta Teixeira

doi:10.1590/0104-530X1567-13

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Articles • Gest. Prod. 23 (1) • Jan-Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530X1567-13 copy

Energy efficiency analysis of BRICS countries: a study using Data Envelopment Analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In a period of climate change and increased restriction of emissions, it is pivotal to focus on the development of countries towards an economy revolved on low carbon dioxide levels. The increase of energy consumption has become a serious problem; consequently, measures to ensure energy efficiency became a priority for any nation willing to develop their economy. Whereas the BRICS group has shown rapid economic development and played an important role in the world economy, this work aimed to measure and analyze total factor energy efficiency in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), providing information on benchmark countries within this group and on how Brazil is situated in this scenario. To this end, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Slack-based Measure (SBM) and variant analysis window were used; from the slacks provided by this tool, the total factor of energy efficiency index (TFEE) was calculated. The inputs used were gross fixed capital formation, labor and energy consumption; the outputs were CO₂ emissions (undesirable output) and Gross Domestic Product - GDP (desired output). From the results, it was possible to observe that Brazil is the country with the highest rate of TFEE, followed by South Africa, China, India and Russia.

Keywords:
DEA; BRICS; Total factor energy efficiency

*Ranking*	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Mean Slacks	Standard Deviation
1	Brazil	99.1%	98.9%	98.7%	98.7%	99.3%	99.8%	99.9%	99.9%	99.9%	99.4%	1.2%
2	South Africa	97.5%	98.2%	98.7%	99.5%	99.7%	99.6%	99.6%	99.1%	98.8%	99.0%	1.4%
3	China	74.6%	78.9%	81.0%	81.3%	81.5%	80.5%	81.1%	84.5%	86.5%	81.1%	14.2%
4	Russia	58.3%	58.3%	61.0%	62.8%	62.7%	61.9%	60.5%	58.9%	58.0%	60.3%	6.2%
5	India	41.8%	40.3%	40.4%	40.7%	41.4%	42.3%	43.5%	44.4%	46.1%	42.3%	4.0%

Country	Workforce	Gross Fixed Capital Formation	Energy Consumption	CO₂	GDP
South Africa	0.03%	1.89%	2.73%	2.58%	0.55%
Brazil	0.04%	1.36%	0.05%	1.10%	0.30%
Russia	32.95%	0.02%	76.46%	78.33%	28.35%
China	38.72%	8.09%	25.76%	26.20%	4.03%
India	78.49%	14.42%	55.67%	72.53%	39.35%
General Average	30.05%	5.16%	32.13%	36.15%	14.51%

*Ranking*	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Mean	Standard Deviation
1	Brazil	0.7%	1.8%	2.6%	2.4%	1.5%	0.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.0%	1.10%	0.0218
2	South Africa	4.4%	2.3%	2.8%	2.2%	1.6%	1.9%	1.9%	3.0%	3.1%	2.58%	0.0366
3	China	45.0%	35.2%	29.3%	24.6%	21.2%	22.2%	21.7%	15.1%	21.6%	26.20%	0.2501
4	India	73.0%	71.8%	70.5%	71.2%	72.2%	72.7%	73.3%	73.9%	74.1%	72.53%	0.0322
5	Russia	79.1%	78.3%	78.4%	77.7%	77.9%	78.0%	78.3%	78.4%	78.9%	78.33%	0.0112
									General Average		36.15%

*Ranking*	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Mean	Standard Deviation
1	Brazil	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.2%	0.05%	0.0020
2	South Africa	6.1%	4.4%	1.9%	1.8%	1.5%	1.8%	1.8%	2.2%	3.1%	2.73%	0.0336
3	China	39.9%	33.2%	28.8%	25.7%	22.7%	23.0%	21.8%	15.9%	20.9%	25.76%	0.2184
4	India	58.4%	55.5%	54.7%	54.8%	55.1%	55.1%	55.5%	55.8%	56.0%	55.67%	0.0290
5	Russia	78.9%	78.2%	77.8%	76.7%	77.3%	76.0%	75.2%	74.3%	73.7%	76.46%	0.0266
									General Average		32.13%

*Ranking*	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Mean	Standard Deviation
1	Brazil	0.4%	0.3%	0.9%	0.7%	0.4%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.30%	0.0083
2	South Africa	0.7%	0.7%	0.7%	0.1%	0.3%	0.4%	0.4%	0.6%	1.0%	0.55%	0.0083
3	China	1.6%	0.9%	0.8%	2.3%	4.2%	6.6%	7.9%	8.4%	3.6%	4.03%	0.0481
4	Russia	29.4%	27.8%	22.9%	20.5%	22.9%	26.4%	30.7%	35.6%	38.9%	28.35%	0.1689
5	Índia	43.0%	46.8%	47.9%	45.3%	42.0%	38.3%	33.4%	31.2%	26.2%	39.35%	0.1862
									General Average		14.51%

*Ranking*	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Mean	*Ranking*
1	Brazil	99.9%	99.9%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	99.9%	99.8%	99.95%	0.0020
2	South Africa	93.9%	95.6%	98.1%	98.2%	98.5%	98.2%	98.2%	97.8%	96.9%	97.27%	0.0336
3	China	60.1%	66.8%	71.2%	74.3%	77.3%	77.0%	78.2%	84.1%	79.1%	74.24%	0.2184
4	India	41.6%	44.5%	45.3%	45.2%	44.9%	44.9%	44.5%	44.2%	44.0%	44.33%	0.0290
5	Russia	21.1%	21.8%	22.2%	22.7%	23.3%	24.0%	24.8%	25.7%	26.3%	23.54%	0.0266

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E-mail: gp@dep.ufscar.br

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