Effects of Nutrient Deprivation on the Growth and Development of <i>Tabebuia rosea</i> Seedlings

Aguirre, Maria Isabel Higuita; Peláez, Juan Diego León; Osorio, Nelson Walter; Correa, Guillermo Antonio

doi:10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2019-0112

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Silviculture • Floresta Ambient. 28 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2019-0112 copy

Effects of Nutrient Deprivation on the Growth and Development of Tabebuia rosea Seedlings

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Tabebuia rosea is a native tropical tree species with high potential of implementation in commercial reforestation and ecological restoration. We studied the effect of the suppression of essential nutrients on the growth of T. rosea in the nursery. The design was completely randomized with ten treatments: one that included full fertilization, another without fertilization, and the others with the suppression of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, and cationic microelements. Biometric variables (height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and functional traits (leaf area and relative growth rate) were evaluated. Phosphorus was the most limiting element. On the contrary, the suppression of Ca generated plants with growth and development similar to those of the FF treatment. Our results confirmed the importance of knowing the particular nutritional needs of individual species, which is to support nursery fertilization practices that produce highly vigorous and quality plants.

Keywords:
seedling production; forestry nursery; morphological-functional traits

Sources	FF	-Ca	-Mg	-K	-S	-N	-P	-B	-MC
Calcium chloride	CaCl₂.2H₂O (g)	2.28	-	2.28	2.28	2.28	2.28	2.28	2.28	2.28
Magnesium chloride	MgCl₂6H₂O (g)	2.22	2.22	-	2.22	2.22	2.22	2.22	2.22	2.22
Potassium chloride	KCl (g)	0.42	0.42	0.42	-	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Ammonium sulphate	(NH₄)2SO₄ (g)	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	-	-	0.06	0.06	0.06
Magnesium sulphate	MgSO₄7H₂O (g)	-	-	-	-	-	7.34	-	-	-
Urea	CO(NH₂)₂ (g)	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	-	0.15	0.15	0.15
Phosphoric acid	H₃PO₄ (mL)	4.30	4.30	4.30	4.30	4.30	4.30	-	4.30	4.30
Boric acid	H₃BO₃ (g)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	0.01
Zinc sulfate	ZnSO₄.H₂O (mg)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	0.01	0.01	0.01	-
Iron sulphate	FeSO₄ (mg)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	0.01	0.01	0.01	-
Manganese sulphate	MnSO₄ (mg)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	0.01	0.01	0.01	-
Copper sulphate	CuSO₄ (mg)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	0.01	0.01	0.01	-
Zn chelate	EDTA-Zn-Na₂ (mg)	-	-	-	-	0.03	-	-	-	-
Fe chelate	EDTA-Fe-Na (mg)	-	-	-	-	0.03	-	-	-	-
Mn chelate	EDTA-Mn-Na₂ (mg)	-	-	-	-	0.03	-	-	-	-
Cu chelate	EDTA-Cu-Na₂ (mg)	-	-	-	-	0.03	-	-	-	-

Property	Unfertilized substrate	Fertilized substrate
pH (1:1, water)	6	5.8
CEC (cmol_c kg^-1)	2.8	3.8
Sand (%) (Bouyoucos)	96	96
Loam (%) (Bouyoucos)	2	2
Clay (%) (Bouyoucos)	2	2
Ca (cmol_c kg^-1) (ammonium acetate 1N)	2.4	3
Mg (cmol_c kg^-1) (ammonium acetate 1N)	0.3	1.1
K (cmol_c kg^-1) (ammonium acetate 1N)	0.1	0.3
S (mg kg^-1) (calcium phosphate, 0.008 M)	14	15
N (%) (Micro-Kjeldahl)	0.2	0.3
P (mg kg^-1) (Bray II)	4.6	78.4
B (mg kg^-1) (Hot water. Azometin)	0.2	1
Cu (mg kg^-1) (Olsen-EDTA)	0.6	5.4
Fe (mg kg^-1) (Olsen-EDTA)	41	41
Mn (mg kg^-1) (Olsen-EDTA)	2	13.5
Zn (mg kg^-1) (Olsen-EDTA)	1.1	6.2

Treatment	H (cm)	SD (mm)	SDW (g)	RDW (g)	AUC (cm²)
FF	20.51 a	7.13 b	2.88 a	2.5 a	1991.55 a
FF	(2.2)	(1.0)	(0.69)	(0.38)	(315.87)
-Ca	21.53 a	9.49 a	3.64 a	2.55 a	1977.3 a
-Ca	(2.5)	(1.2)	(0.63)	(0.36)	(277,18)
-Mg	11.95 bcd	4.81 cd	0.86 b	0.53 b	1297.95 b
-Mg	(2.1)	(0.7)	(0.43)	(0.23)	(185.20)
-K	10.53 cd	4.6 cde	0.58 bc	0.54 b	1146 b
-K	(2.0)	(0.9)	(0.45)	(0.20)	(156.42)
-S	9.88 cd	3.71 ef	0.34 c	0.27 c	1080.60 b
-S	(2.2)	(0.7)	(0.22)	(0.10)	(248.31)
-N	13.34 b	5.41 c	0.91 b	0.5 b	1286.55 b
-N	(2.0)	(0.8)	(0.44)	(0.19)	(291.30)
-P	4.5 e	2.61 g	0.05 d	0.05 e	570.3 c
-P	(0.9)	(0.4)	(0.02)	(0.01)	(45.48)
-B	4.5 e	3.76 def	0.35 c	0.48 bc	1137.9 b
-B	(1.9)	(0.5)	(0.31)	(0.25)	(139.56)
-CM	12.49 bc	4.7 cde	0.81 b	0.41 bc	1349.7 b
-CM	(1.8)	(0.5)	(0.29)	(0.41)	(162.66)
Control	5.3 e	2.82 fg	0.08 d	0.13 d	661.68 c
Control	(0.9)	(0.5)	(0.03)	(0.13)	(113.83)

Treatments	PQI	LA (cm²)	RGR (g day^-1)
FF	1.33 b	306.02 b	0.027 a
FF	(0.24)	(26.20)	(0.0007)
-Ca	1.67 a	332.13 a	0.027 a
-Ca	(0.21)	(15.98)	(0.0008)
-Mg	0.34 c	36.31 e	0.015 bcd
-Mg	(0.14)	(15.66)	(0.0030)
-K	0.34 c	26.46 g	0.016 bc
-K	(0.16)	(10.56)	(0.0033)
-S	0.15 cde	36.94 f	0.011 d
-S	(0.04)	(10.43)	(0.0016)
-N	0.31 c	92.15 d	0.0183 b
-N	(0.11)	(14.36)	(0.0017)
-P	0.04 e	2.67 i	0.000 f
-P	(0.01)	(0.87)	(0.0003)
-B	0.25 cd	17.22 h	0.014 cd
-B	(0.12)	(11.30)	(0.0031)
-CM	0.27 cd	119.58 c	0.016 bc
-CM	(0.08)	(13.57)	(0.0028)
Control	0.09 de	2.06 i	0.004 e
Control	(0.03)	(0.65)	(0.0011)

Nutrient	Ca	Mg	K	S	N	P	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Nutrient	mg/plant	mg/plant
FF	50	20	45	3	55	3	0.11	0.02	0.39	0.54	0.04
-Ca	40
-Mg		0.4
-K		3
-S		0.3
-N		12
-P		0.03
-B		0.004
-CM			0.005	0.11	0.14	0.01
Control*	1	0.2	1	--	0.5	0.05	--	--	--	--	--

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[1] CORRESPONDENCE TOJuan Diego León Peláez Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Restauración Ecológica de Tierras Degradadas en el Trópico, Cra. 65 No. 59a-110, CP 050034, Medellín, Colombia e-mail: jdleon@unal.edu.co