Litterfall in the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in Southern Brazil

Dick, Grasiele; Schumacher, Mauro Valdir

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.029818

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 27 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.029818 copy

Litterfall in the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in Southern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Litterfall and nutrient cycling are essential processes for the forest diversity and productivity maintenance. This study aims to characterize the litterfall and evaluate if it has correlations with climatic variables in the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest on advanced succession stage, in Southern Brazil. During the 2007-2010 period, the litterfall was collected every month, sorted into leaves, twigs, and miscellaneous fractions. The litterfall amount average was 7.75 Mg ha^-1 year^-1 and leaves constituted the highest litterfall percentage (75.0%), followed by twigs (14.7%), and miscellaneous (10.3%). Higher leaf amounts were recorded in August and September. The minimum air temperature was negatively correlated with the leaves and twigs production, that is, the litterfall amount increases when the air temperature decreases. The litterfall amount corresponds to values expected to advanced successional stage of the forest typology studied. In Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in Southern Brazil, the thermal stress exerts influence on the litterfall amount.

Keywords:
nutrient cycling; forest nutrition; seasonality

Variables	Year	Month
Variables	Year	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb
Tmin (°C )	2007-2008	19.5	17.6	11.7	12.0	9.8	12.4	15.9	17.6	16.7	19.1	19.5	19.5
	2008-2009	18.9	18.8	16.3	15.0	14.5	16.3	16.9	18.8	19.5	19.6	19.7	19.8
	2009-2010	20.0	19.1	17.0	15.2	15.4	16.4	18.0	18.7	19.9	19.8	20.6	21.0
	2010-2011	20.3	18.4	16.6	14.7	15.0	14.3	17.1	18.5	19.3	20.6	20.3	-
Tmax (°C )	2007-2008	31.9	29.1	22.7	24.0	21.9	25.5	30.3	29.0	28.6	31.5	29.7	30.2
	2008-2009	30.0	28.9	25.7	25.7	25.2	28.4	29.3	30.8	29.8	29.9	30.5	30.0
	2009-2010	30.3	28.8	27.7	25.5	26.3	27.7	29.3	29.5	31.4	30.2	30.2	30.9
	2010-2011	30.9	29.0	27.5	27.0	27.1	28.1	29.8	29.9	29.8	30.3	28.5	-
Ptmin (mm)	2007-2008	85.0	208.8	234.4	22.2	71.8	10.2	16.0	99.0	151.8	301.0	77.4	161.8
	2008-2009	16.1	130.0	102.1	243.2	110.3	247.5	290.2	289.2	162.8	69.3	218.1	161.2
	2009-2010	67.5	19.9	127.7	65.7	272.6	181.6	428.0	412.4	537.6	265.3	214.9	125.3
	2010-2011	183.5	355.3	99.6	2.0	168.6	15.0	170.3	155.7	209.8	334.6	327.0	266.3
Ptmax (mm)	2007-2008	44.0	80.0	55.0	19.0	35.0	6.0	9.0	35.0	67.0	66.8	26.0	46.0
	2008-2009	7.8	54.7	31.9	80.0	46.5	59.5	153.2	62.5	44.3	20.6	55.9	484
	2009-2010	19.6	11.5	91.5	36.4	93.4	69.8	97.6	114.5	112.6	78.2	49.2	43.2
	2010-2011	80.9	149.9	39.6	1.4	41.9	6.0	61.1	49.0	79.7	49.6	53.9	73.9

	Leaves	Twigs	Miscellaneous	Total
2007
Total (Mg ha^-1year^-1)	5.93	1.67	0.92	8.57
Monthly average (Mg ha^-1)	0.49	0.13	0.76	0.71
Percentage (%)	69.7	19.5	10.8	100
2008
Total (Mg ha^-1year^-1)	5.29	1.00	0.80	7.09
Monthly average (Mg ha^-1)	0.44	0.83	0.66	0.59
Percentage (%)	74.6	14.1	11.3	100
2009
Total (Mg ha^-1year^-1)	5.85	1.08	0.38	7.31
Monthly average (Mg ha^-1)	0.48	0.90	0.31	0.60
Percentage (%)	80.0	14.8	5.2	100
2010
Total (Mg ha^-1year^-1)	6.11	0.83	1.10	8.04
Monthly average (Mg ha^-1)	0.50	0.69	0.91	0.67
Percentage (%)	75.9	10.4	13.7	100
Period averages
Annual average (Mg ha^-1year^-1)	5.81	1.14	0.80	7.75
Standard deviation	0.24	0.07	0.05	0.31
CV	4.13	6.14	6.25	4.00
Percentage (%)	75.0	14.7	10.3	100

Semideciduous Seasonal Forest		Litterfall (Mg ha^-1tear^-1)	Source
Advanced succession stage		8.21	Pimenta et al. (2011Pimenta JA, Rossi LB, Torezan JMD, Cavalheiro AL, Bianchini E. Produção de serapilheira e ciclagem de nutrientes de um reflorestamento e de uma floresta estacional semidecidual no sul do Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 2011; 25(1): 53-57. 10.1590/S0102-33062011000100008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-3306201100... )
		9.50	Pezzato & Wisniewski (2006Pezzato AW, Wisniewski C. Produção de serapilheira em diferentes seres sucessionais da floresta estacional semidecidual no oeste do Paraná. Floresta 2006; 36(1): 111-120. 10.5380/rf.v36i1.5596 https://doi.org/10.5380/rf.v36i1.5596... )
		11.70	Pezzato & Wisniewski (2006Pezzato AW, Wisniewski C. Produção de serapilheira em diferentes seres sucessionais da floresta estacional semidecidual no oeste do Paraná. Floresta 2006; 36(1): 111-120. 10.5380/rf.v36i1.5596 https://doi.org/10.5380/rf.v36i1.5596... )
		8.82	Pinto et al. (2009Pinto SIC, Martins SV, Barros NF, Dias HCT. Ciclagem de nutrientes em dois trechos de floresta estacional semidecidual na reserva florestal Mata do Paraíso em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Árvore 2009; 33(4): 653-663. 10.1590/S0100-67622009000400008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-6762200900... )
		12.97	Toledo et al. (2002Toledo LO, Pereira MG, Menezes CEG. Produção de serapilheira e transferência de nutrientes em florestas secundárias localizadas na região de Pinheiral, RJ. Ciência Florestal 2002; 12(2): 9-16. 10.5902/198050981676 https://doi.org/10.5902/198050981676... )
		6.78	Werneck et al. (2001Werneck MS, Pedralli G, Gieseke LF. Produção de serapilheira em três trechos de uma floresta semidecídua com diferentes graus de perturbação na Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Ouro Preto, MG. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 2001; 24(2): 195-198. 10.1590/S0100-84042001000200009 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-8404200100... )
		8.81	Pinto et al. (2009Pinto SIC, Martins SV, Barros NF, Dias HCT. Ciclagem de nutrientes em dois trechos de floresta estacional semidecidual na reserva florestal Mata do Paraíso em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Árvore 2009; 33(4): 653-663. 10.1590/S0100-67622009000400008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-6762200900... )
Intermediary succession stage		6.58	Werneck et al. (2001Werneck MS, Pedralli G, Gieseke LF. Produção de serapilheira em três trechos de uma floresta semidecídua com diferentes graus de perturbação na Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Ouro Preto, MG. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 2001; 24(2): 195-198. 10.1590/S0100-84042001000200009 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-8404200100... )
Initial succession stage		6.31	Pinto et al. (2009Pinto SIC, Martins SV, Barros NF, Dias HCT. Ciclagem de nutrientes em dois trechos de floresta estacional semidecidual na reserva florestal Mata do Paraíso em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Árvore 2009; 33(4): 653-663. 10.1590/S0100-67622009000400008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-6762200900... )
		5.09	Werneck et al. (2001Werneck MS, Pedralli G, Gieseke LF. Produção de serapilheira em três trechos de uma floresta semidecídua com diferentes graus de perturbação na Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Ouro Preto, MG. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 2001; 24(2): 195-198. 10.1590/S0100-84042001000200009 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-8404200100... )
		6.31	Pinto et al. (2009Pinto SIC, Martins SV, Barros NF, Dias HCT. Ciclagem de nutrientes em dois trechos de floresta estacional semidecidual na reserva florestal Mata do Paraíso em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Árvore 2009; 33(4): 653-663. 10.1590/S0100-67622009000400008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-6762200900... )
Others	Riparian forest	10.00	Vital et al. (2004Vital ART, Guerrini IA, Franken WK, Fonseca RCB. Produção de serapilheira e ciclagem de nutrientes de uma floresta estacional semidecidual em zona ripária. Árvore 2004; 28(6): 793-800. 10.1590/S0100-67622004000600004 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-6762200400... )
Others	Gaps in forest	5.97	Martins & Rodrigues (1999Martins SV, Rodrigues RR. Produção de serapilheira em clareiras de uma floresta estacional semidecidual no município de Campinas, SP. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 1999; 22(3): 405-412. 10.1590/S0100-84041999000300009 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-8404199900... )

Months	Leaves	Twigs	Miscellaneous	Total
Months	Mg ha^-1			Total
January	0.25 ± 0.05 c*	0.06 ± 0.03 a	0.04 ± 0.03 a	0.35 (4.5)
February	0.34 ± 0.04 c	0.06 ± 0.01 a	0.04 ± 0.02 a	0.44 (5.7)
March	0.31 ± 0.12 c	0.04 ± 0.01 a	0.03 ± 0.01 a	0.38 (4.9)
April	0.55 ± 0.06 b	0.08 ± 0.05 a	0.04 ± 0.01 a	0.67 (8.6)
May	0.30 ± 0.07 c	0.07 ± 0.06 a	0.03 ± 0.01 a	0.40 (5.2)
June	0.36 ± 0.18 c	0.10 ± 0.01 a	0.04 ± 0.02 a	0.50 (6.4)
July	0.53 ± 0.11 b	0.10 ± 0.04 a	0.06 ± 0.03 a	0.69 (8.9)
August	0.98 ± 0.03 a	0.14 ± 0.10 a	0.12 ± 0.05 a	1.24 (16.0)
September	0.84 ± 0.35 a	0.14 ± 0.08 a	0.10 ± 0.03 a	1.08 (13.9)
October	0.51 ± 0.12 b	0.14 ± 0.06 a	0.10 ± 0.06 a	0.75 (9.7)
November	0.51 ± 0.12 b	0.14 ± 0.04 a	0.13 ± 0.07 a	0.78 (10.1)
December	0.32 ± 0.11 c	0.08 ± 0.04 a	0.07 ± 0.07 a	0.47 (6.1)

Fractions	Tmax (°C)	Tmin (°C)	Pt (mm)
Leaves	−0.066	−0.307*	−0.109
Twigs	−0.248	−0.316*	0.075
Miscellaneous	0.049	−0.124	0.062

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[1] CORRESPONDENCE TO Grasiele Dick Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1.000, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil e-mail: grasidick@hotmail.com