Diagrammatic scales are important tools for disease severity assessment. Four diagrammatic scales for isolated small (SL), medium (ML), and large (LL) lesions and for symptoms associated with the leaf miner injuries (LM), were developed to standardize the severity assessments of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri on leaves of citrus (Citrus sinensis). Each scale has eight levels of disease severity (percentage of diseased leaf area): 0.2 to 16% for SL; 0.6 to 25% for ML; 1.8 to 30% for LL and 0.5 to 30% for LM. Initially, six persons evaluated the severity of 447 digitalized images of symptomatic leaves using the four scales. Training was carried out and later on, disease severity was assessed in 115 new images. Linear regressions between actual and estimated disease severity were calculated by each person. All the scales were validated together considering the accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the evaluations. The scales were adequate to quantify the severity of citrus canker on leaves.
phytopatometry; Citrus sinensis; Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri; disease assessment
