The association between gaming disorder and impulsivity: A systematic review

Andrade, André Luiz Monezi; Lobato, Fernanda Beatriz Hodar; Stange, Naomi; Scatena, Adriana; Oliveira, Wanderlei Abadio de; Kim, Hyoun S.; Lopes, Fernanda Machado

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202441e220032

André Luiz Monezi Andrade

drafted the manuscript

contributed to data acquisition

conducted the statistical analyses

interpreting and discussing the results

provided critical manuscript revisions to improve the intellectual content and approved the final version

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia. Campinas, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-8935

Fernanda Beatriz Hodar Lobato

contributed to data acquisition

provided critical manuscript revisions to improve the intellectual content and approved the final version

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia. Campinas, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-6339

Naomi Stange

contributed to data acquisition

provided critical manuscript revisions to improve the intellectual content and approved the final version

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-5181

Adriana Scatena

drafted the manuscript

provided critical manuscript revisions to improve the intellectual content and approved the final version

Toronto Metropolitan Univeristy, Department of Psychology. Toronto, ON, Canadá.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-1251

Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira

provided critical manuscript revisions to improve the intellectual content and approved the final version

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia. Campinas, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-8197

Hyoun S. Kim

interpreting and discussing the results

provided critical manuscript revisions to improve the intellectual content and approved the final version

Toronto Metropolitan Univeristy, Department of Psychology. Toronto, ON, Canadá.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-0256

Fernanda Machado Lopes

drafted the manuscript

interpreting and discussing the results

provided critical manuscript revisions to improve the intellectual content and approved the final version

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-7670

Correspondence to:
A. L. M. ANDRADE. E-mail: andre.andrade@puc-campinas.edu.br

Editor:

Raquel Souza Lobo Guzzo

Conflict of interest:

The authors declare they have no conflict of interests.

Database	Algorithm	Exported Studies
BVS	(Adolescent OR student OR adult) AND (impulsiv* OR disinhibition) not (aggression) AND (videogame OR video?game OR digital game OR game) AND (prospective OR longitudinal)	1
CINAHL	(Adolescent OR student OR adult) AND (impulsiv* OR disinhibition) NOT (aggression) AND (videogame OR video?game OR digital game OR game) AND (prospective OR longitudinal)	2
PsycNET	(Any Field: Adolescent OR Any Field: student OR Any Field: adult) AND (Any Field: impulsiv* OR Any Field: disinhibition) NOT (Any Field: aggression) AND (Any Field: videogame OR Any Field: video?game OR Any Field: digital game OR Any Field: game) AND (Any Field: prospective OR Any Field: longitudinal)	6
Scopus	((adolescent OR student OR adult) AND (impulsiv* OR disinhibition) AND (videogame OR video? game OR digital AND game OR game) AND (prospective OR longitudinal))	2
Web of Science	((Adolescent OR student OR adult) AND (impulsiv* OR disinhibition) NOT (aggression) AND (videogame OR video?game OR digital game OR game) AND (prospective OR longitudinal))	16
PubMed	(Adolescent OR student OR adult) AND (impulsiv* OR disinhibition) NOT (aggression) AND (videogame OR video?game OR digital game OR game) AND (prospective OR longitudinal)	1,683
Total		1,710

Phase 1: Assessing Relevance
Category	Target question (e.g. Overview or guideline)	Review being assessed
Patients/Population(s):	Individuals with gaming disorder	Is there an effect of overexposure to electronic games related to impulsive behavior?
Exposition(s):	Excessive use of electronic games
Comparator(s):	Individuals without G.D. or impulsivity
Outcome(s):	There is a positive association between impulsivity and G.D.; G.D is a predictor for impulsivity; no differences between different genders or countries regarding the association studied
Phase 2: Identifying Concerns with the Review Process Legend: Y: Yes, PY: Probably yes, PN: Probably no, N: No, NI: No information
Domain 1: Study Eligibility Criteria
1.1 Did the review adhere to pre-defined objectives and eligibility criteria?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
1.2 Were the eligibility criteria appropriate for the review question?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
1.3 Were eligibility criteria unambiguous?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
1.4 Were any restrictions in eligibility criteria based on study characteristics appropriate (e.g., date, sample size, study quality, outcomes measured)?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
1.5 Were any restrictions in eligibility criteria based on sources of information appropriate (e.g., publication status or format, language, availability of data)?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
Domain 2: Identification And Selection of Studies
2.1 Did the search include an appropriate range of databases/electronic sources for published and unpublished reports?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
2.2 Were methods additional to database searching used to identify relevant reports?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
2.3 Were the terms and structure of the search strategy likely to retrieve as many eligible studies as possible?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
2.4 Were restrictions based on date, publication format, or language appropriate?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
2.5 Were efforts made to minimize error in selection of studies?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
Domain 3: Data Collection and Study Appraisal
3.1 Were efforts made to minimize error in data collection?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
3.2 Were sufficient study characteristics available for both review authors and readers to be able to interpret the results?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
3.3 Were all relevant study results collected for use in the synthesis?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
3.4 Was risk of bias (or methodological quality) formally assessed using appropriate criteria?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
3.5 Were efforts made to minimize error in risk of bias assessment?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
Domain 4: Synthesis and Findings
4.1 Did the synthesis include all studies that it should?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
4.2 Were all pre-defined analyses reported or departures explained?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
4.3 Was the synthesis appropriate given the nature and similarity in the research questions, study designs and outcomes across included studies?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
4.4 Was between-study variation (heterogeneity) minimal or addressed in the synthesis?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
4.5 Were the findings robust, e.g., as demonstrated through funnel plot or sensitivity analyses?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
4.6 Were biases in primary studies minimal or addressed in the synthesis?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
Phase 3: Judging Risk of Bias (summarize the concerns identified during the phase 2 assessment)
Domain	Concern	Rationale for concern
1. Concerns regarding specification of study eligibility criteria	Low	All information is in the report and considerable effort has been made to bring specificity to the research question and objectives, and the criteria for eligibility have been detailed and justified
2. Concerns regarding methods used to identify and/ or select studies	Low	All criteria for study identification were considered and added in this paper
3. Concerns regarding methods used to collect data and appraise studies	Low	We detailed all three domain criteria in the manuscript to reduce the risk of bias
4. Concerns regarding the synthesis and findings	Low	Based on the synthesis of the results, they demonstrate the intended association and, therefore, can be considered relevant findings, and the synthesis aimed to approach the theme broadly, with the main contributions
Risk of Bias in the Review
Describe whether conclusions were supported by the evidence: Some studies had small sample sizes, and others had no control groups; there was difficulty in defining PIU (problematic internet use) in some papers.
A. Did the interpretation of findings address all the concerns identified in Domains 1 to 4?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
B. Was the relevance of identified studies to the review's research question appropriately considered?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
C. Did the reviewers avoid emphasizing results based on their statistical significance?		Y/PY/PN/N/NI
Risk of bias in the review		Low/High/Unclear
Rationale for risk: We used six search databases and three independent judges, and one judge responsible for the Minerva Vote. The criteria used were developed based on Finer and the PICOS strategy. The evaluations were done autonomously, and disagreements were discussed in meetings.

nº	Authors/Year	Countries	Age	Method	Control Group	Arms (n)	Impulsivity Assessment	Videogame Addiction Assessment	Other Measures
1	Cerniglia, Griffiths et al. (2019Cerniglia, L., Guicciardi, M., Sinatra, M., Monacis, L., Simonelli, A., & Cimino, S. (2019). The use of digital technologies, impulsivity and psychopathological symptoms in adolescence. Behavioral Sciences, 9(8), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9080082 https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9080082... )	Italy	14-19	Cs	No	EG = 643	BIS11-A	IGDS9-SF; BSMAS	SCL-90-R3
2	Cerniglia, Guicciardi et al. (2019Cerniglia, L., Guicciardi, M., Sinatra, M., Monacis, L., Simonelli, A., & Cimino, S. (2019). The use of digital technologies, impulsivity and psychopathological symptoms in adolescence. Behavioral Sciences, 9(8), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9080082 https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9080082... )	Italy	14-19	Exs	No	EG = 656	BIS11-A	IGDS9-SF; BSMAS	SCL-90-R3
3	Gentile et al. (2011Gentile, D. A., Choo, H., Liau, A., Sim, T., Li, D., Fung, D., & Khoo, A. (2011). Pathological video game use among youths: a two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 127(2), e319-e329. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1353 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1353... )	Singapore	8-17	Ls	No	EG = 3,034 G3 = 743 G4 = 711 G7 = 916 G8 = 664	BIS-11	GMHQ; Pathological video game use; Problematic gaming	Personal Strengths Inventory-II; Children’s Empathic Attitudes Questionnaire; Self-report of aggression; ADHD screen; Asian adolescent depression scale
4	Gentile et al. (2012Gentile, D. A., Swing, E. L., Lim, C. G., & Khoo, A. (2012). Video game playing, attention problems, and impulsiveness: Evidence of bidirectional causality. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026969 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026969... )	Singapore	8-17	Ls	No	EG = 3,034	BIS-11	Self-report (hours)	ADHD Symptoms Scale Self-Report; Self-report (school performance)
5	Irvine et al. (2013Irvine, M. A., Worbe, Y., Bolton, S., Harrison, N. A., Bullmore, E. T., & Voon, V. (2013). Impaired decisional impulsivity in pathological videogamers. Plos One, 8(10), e75914. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075914 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.007... )	England	> 18	Es, Cs	Yes	EG = 26 CG = 26	UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale	GAS, 7-item version; YBOCS adapted for video games; frequency/number of days played	Beck Depression Inventory-II; MINI; NART; IST; Delay Discounting Task; Premature responding task; SST
6	Lalot et al. (2017Lalot, F., Zerhouni, O., & Pinelli, M. (2017). “I wanna be the very best!” Agreeableness and perseverance predict sustained playing to Pokemon Go: A longitudinal study. Games for Health Journal, 6(5), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2017.0051 https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2017.0051... )	France, United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Switzerland, Belgium, Australia, New Zealand	*M = 29.3	Ls	No	EG = 402(I) EG = 151(II)	UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale	Self-report (hours; km)	HEXACO 6-trait personality inventory; NFCS; RCI; NFC; GSE
7	Lee et al. (2018Lee, D., Park, J., Namkoong, K., Kim, I. Y., & Jung, Y. C. (2018). Gray matter differences in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex of young adults with Internet gaming disorder: Surface-based morphometry. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.20 https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.20... )	South Korea	21-26	Es, Cs	Yes	EG = 45 CG = 35	BIS11-A	IAT	DSM-IV Axis I disorders; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; Beck Depression Inventory-II; Beck Anxiety Inventory; Wender Utah Rating Scale
8	Liau et al. (2015Liau, A. K., Neo, E. C., Gentile, D. A., Choo, H., Sim, T., Li, D., & Khoo, A. (2015). Impulsivity, self-regulation, and pathological video gaming among youth: testing a mediation model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), NP2188-NP2196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539511429369 https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539511429369... )	China	*M = 21.9	Es, Cs	Yes	EG = 41 CG = 27	The cups task	Weekly time; CIAS	Beck Anxiety Inventory; Beck Depression Inventory-II; FTND; AUDIT-C
nº	Authors/Year	Countries	Age	Method	Control Group	Arms (n)	Impulsivity Assessment	Videogame Addiction Assessment	Other Measures
9	Nuyens et al. (2016Nuyens, F., Deleuze, J., Maurage, P., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & Billieux, J. (2016). Impulsivity in multiplayer online battle arena gamers: Preliminary results on experimental and self-report measures. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(2), 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.028 https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.028... )	Belgium	18-24	Exs	No	EG = 36	Single Key Impulsivity Paradigm; s-UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale; BIS-11	POGQ	-
10	Peeters et al. (2019Peeters, M., Koning, I., Lemmens, J., & Eijnden, R. V. D. (2019). Normative, passionate, or problematic? Identification of adolescent gamer subtypes over time. Journal of Behavioral Addictions , 8(3), 574-585. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.55 https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.55... )	Netherlands	*M = 13.3	Ls	No	EG = 1928(I) EG = 1420(II)	ADHD questionnaire	Internet Gaming Disorder Scale; Questionnaire on gaming behavior; Self-report (hours); frequency/number of days played	Harter’s Self Perception Profile of Adolescents; subscale “Close Friendships”; 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale
11	Qi et al. (2015Qi, X., Du, X., Yang, Y., Du, G., Gao, P., Zhang, Y., Qin, W., Li, X., & Zhang, Q. (2015). Decreased modulation by the risk level on the brain activation during decision making in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00296 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00296... )	China	*M = 17.2	Es, Cs	Yes	EG = 23 CG = 24	BIS-11; fMRI-adapted version of the BART	YDQ for internet addiction; Self-report (hours); IAT	SPM
12	Qi et al. (2016Qi, X., Yang, Y., Dai, S., Gao, P., Du, X., Zhang, Y., Du, G., Li, X., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Effects of outcome on the covariance between risk level and brain activity in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical, 12, 845-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.0... )	China	*M = 17.1	Es	Yes	EG = 24 CG = 24	BIS-11; fMRI-adapted version of the BART	YDQ for internet addiction; IAT	SPM; SAS; SDS
13	Rho et al. (2018Rho, M. J., Lee, H., Lee, T. H., Cho, H., Jung, D. J., Kim, D. J., & Choi, I. Y. (2018). Risk factors for internet gaming disorder: Psychological factors and internet gaming characteristics. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010040 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010040... )	South Korea	20-49	Exs, Cs	No	EG = 3,658 (481 IGD/3087 normal)	DII; BSCS; BIS/BAS	Query to DSM-V	SCL-90-R; AUDIT-K; FTND
14	Sariyska et al. (2017Sariyska, R., Lachmann, B., Markett, S., Reuter, M., & Montag, C. (2017). Individual differences in implicit learning abilities and impulsive behavior in the context of Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder under the consideration of gender. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 5, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.02.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.02.... )	Germany	*M = 22.3	Es, Ls	Yes	EG(I) = 79 EG(II) = 44 EG(III) = 94	BIS-11; one item from SOEP	s-IAT; OGAS; Self-report (experience); WoW Specific Problematic Usage-Engagement Questionnaire	-
15	Steenbergen et al. (2015Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., Stock, A. K., Beste, C., & Colzato, L. S. (2015). Action video gaming and cognitive control: Playing first person shooter games is associated with improved action cascading but not inhibition. Plos One , 10(12), e0144364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0415-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0415-... )	Netherlands, Germany	*M = 21.2	Es, Cs	Yes	EG = 18 CG = 18	Stop-Change paradigm	Self-report (experience)	SPM, MINI
16	Su et al. (2019Su, W., Király, O., Demetrovics, Z., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). Gender moderates the partial mediation of impulsivity in the relationship between psychiatric distress and problematic online gaming: online survey. JMIR Mental Health, 6(3), e10784. https://doi.org/10.2196/10784 https://doi.org/10.2196/10784... )	Hungry	14-38	Exs, Cs	No	EG = 596	BIS-21	POGQ	Brief Symptom Inventory

nº	Authors	Main Results
1	Cerniglia, Griffiths et al. (2019Cerniglia, L., Guicciardi, M., Sinatra, M., Monacis, L., Simonelli, A., & Cimino, S. (2019). The use of digital technologies, impulsivity and psychopathological symptoms in adolescence. Behavioral Sciences, 9(8), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9080082 https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9080082... )	Relation between technology-based addictions and impulsivity, with differences in the age and profile of adolescents, and not in gender
2	Cerniglia, Cuicciardi et al. (2019Cerniglia, L., Guicciardi, M., Sinatra, M., Monacis, L., Simonelli, A., & Cimino, S. (2019). The use of digital technologies, impulsivity and psychopathological symptoms in adolescence. Behavioral Sciences, 9(8), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9080082 https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9080082... )	Impulsivity correlated with higher levels of G.D., indicating a risk factor for pathological (video) gaming. The identified associations may change, considering the stage of development and gender
3	Gentile et al. (2011Gentile, D. A., Choo, H., Liau, A., Sim, T., Li, D., Fung, D., & Khoo, A. (2011). Pathological video game use among youths: a two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 127(2), e319-e329. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1353 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1353... )	Greater gaming reduced social competence, and greater impulsivity was a risk and maintenance factor for G.D. The prevalence of gaming was similar to other countries
4	Gentile et al. (2012Gentile, D. A., Swing, E. L., Lim, C. G., & Khoo, A. (2012). Video game playing, attention problems, and impulsiveness: Evidence of bidirectional causality. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026969 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026969... )	Individuals who were more impulsive or had attention problems spent more time playing video games, suggesting bidirectional causality
5	Irvine et al. (2013Irvine, M. A., Worbe, Y., Bolton, S., Harrison, N. A., Bullmore, E. T., & Voon, V. (2013). Impaired decisional impulsivity in pathological videogamers. Plos One, 8(10), e75914. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075914 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.007... )	G.D. was associated with impulsivity related to impaired decision-making, with negative consequences on task performance
6	Lalot et al. (2017Lalot, F., Zerhouni, O., & Pinelli, M. (2017). “I wanna be the very best!” Agreeableness and perseverance predict sustained playing to Pokemon Go: A longitudinal study. Games for Health Journal, 6(5), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2017.0051 https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2017.0051... )	The personality traits, perseverance, and forethought (sub-dimensions of impulsivity), positively predicted continuous gaming, as did the affability
7	Lee et al. (2018Lee, D., Park, J., Namkoong, K., Kim, I. Y., & Jung, Y. C. (2018). Gray matter differences in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex of young adults with Internet gaming disorder: Surface-based morphometry. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.20 https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.20... )	Differences in gray matter were observed among individuals with G.D. and changes in risk or reward decision-making and reduced behavioral control
8	Liau et al. (2015Liau, A. K., Neo, E. C., Gentile, D. A., Choo, H., Sim, T., Li, D., & Khoo, A. (2015). Impulsivity, self-regulation, and pathological video gaming among youth: testing a mediation model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), NP2188-NP2196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539511429369 https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539511429369... )	Neurobiological basis for decision-making deficits in individuals with G.D. and maintenance of persistence for gaming
9	Nuyens et al. (2016Nuyens, F., Deleuze, J., Maurage, P., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & Billieux, J. (2016). Impulsivity in multiplayer online battle arena gamers: Preliminary results on experimental and self-report measures. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(2), 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.028 https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.028... )	Presence of links between impulsivity-related constructs in MOBA games, from its pathological use
10	Peeters et al. (2019Peeters, M., Koning, I., Lemmens, J., & Eijnden, R. V. D. (2019). Normative, passionate, or problematic? Identification of adolescent gamer subtypes over time. Journal of Behavioral Addictions , 8(3), 574-585. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.55 https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.55... )	Lack of control associated with G.D. Adolescents with impulsivity and attention issues are more likely to be attracted to games and less likely to stop playing. G.D. was positively associated with impulsivity and hyperactivity only in boys
11	Qi et al. (2015Qi, X., Du, X., Yang, Y., Du, G., Gao, P., Zhang, Y., Qin, W., Li, X., & Zhang, Q. (2015). Decreased modulation by the risk level on the brain activation during decision making in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00296 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00296... )	There is greater impulsivity and less sensitivity to risk in adolescents with G.D. than in the control group regarding brain activation
12	Qi et al. (2016Qi, X., Yang, Y., Dai, S., Gao, P., Du, X., Zhang, Y., Du, G., Li, X., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Effects of outcome on the covariance between risk level and brain activity in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical, 12, 845-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.0... )	Covariance between risk level and brain activation was significantly greater in adolescents with G.D. compared to the control group. There was activation in value estimation, reward anticipation, and emotional learning focused on risk decision-making
13	Rho et al. (2018Rho, M. J., Lee, H., Lee, T. H., Cho, H., Jung, D. J., Kim, D. J., & Choi, I. Y. (2018). Risk factors for internet gaming disorder: Psychological factors and internet gaming characteristics. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010040 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010040... )	Eight risk factors were significantly associated with G.D., such as functional and dysfunctional impulsivity, belief in self-control, and money spent on video games
14	Sariyska et al. (2017Sariyska, R., Lachmann, B., Markett, S., Reuter, M., & Montag, C. (2017). Individual differences in implicit learning abilities and impulsive behavior in the context of Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder under the consideration of gender. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 5, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.02.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.02.... )	High-risk trends were associated with G.D. among healthy individuals, suggesting the potential for risk decisions as a predictor of G.D. in a non-gaming population. Males had elevated high-risk trends, such as higher weekly gaming hours
15	Steenbergen et al. (2015Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., Stock, A. K., Beste, C., & Colzato, L. S. (2015). Action video gaming and cognitive control: Playing first person shooter games is associated with improved action cascading but not inhibition. Plos One , 10(12), e0144364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0415-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0415-... )	Action games are associated with improved executive control processes and multi-component behavior without inhibitory control
16	Su et al. (2019Su, W., Király, O., Demetrovics, Z., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). Gender moderates the partial mediation of impulsivity in the relationship between psychiatric distress and problematic online gaming: online survey. JMIR Mental Health, 6(3), e10784. https://doi.org/10.2196/10784 https://doi.org/10.2196/10784... )	Gender differences among online gamers mediate impulsivity, but not G.D. prevalence, and impatience partially mediates the relationship between psychiatric stress and G.D.

[1] Correspondence to:
A. L. M. ANDRADE. E-mail: andre.andrade@puc-campinas.edu.br

Brasil

Brasil

The association between gaming disorder and impulsivity: A systematic review

Associação entre transtornos por jogos eletrônicos e impulsividade: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion