Self-Awareness in research: From its functional constituents to investigation models

Castro, Thiago Gomes de; Echevarria, Daniel Rodrigues; Majolo, Maurício; Pimentel, Lucca Ignácio Rubez

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202340e210122

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Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)

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Sumário

THEORETICAL ARTICLE - Cognitive Psychology, Perception and Neuroscience • Estud. psicol. 40 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202340e210122 copy

Self-Awareness in research: From its functional constituents to investigation models

Autoconsciência em pesquisa: dos constituintes funcionais aos modelos de investigação

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

The present theoretical study aimed to describe the functionalist origins of self-awareness construct and its importance in grounding an empirical investigation agenda within psychological scientific literature.

Method

We first conceptually analyzed William James definitions for self-related processes and then examined its repercussion for empirical self-awareness research in personality and cognitive neuroscience literature.

Results

Initial challenges of the field to put forward investigations that encompassed both dispositional and situational aspects of self-awareness were found. Moreover, progress observed in different trends of self-awareness investigation, in the last 20 years, were approached in its connection to technological advances evidenced in science.

Conclusion

The need for more integration between different levels of evidence and research fields are discussed as a mean to build an effective full understanding of self-awareness.

Keywords
Concept formation; Metacognition; Self report

Dimension/Scale/Author		Factors
Dispositional Self-Consciousness
	Self-consciousness Scale (SCS) (Fenigstein et al., 1975Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 522-527. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076760 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076760... )	- Public self-consciousness - Private self-consciousness - Social anxiety
	Self-reflectiveness and Internal State Awareness Scale (SRISAS) (Burnkrant & Page, 1984Burnkrant, R. E., & Page, T. J., Jr. (1984). A Modification of the Fenigstein, Scheier, and Buss Self-Consciousness Scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(6), 629-637. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4806_10 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4806... )	- Self-reflexivity - Internal state awareness - Public self-awareness - Social anxiety
	Rumination and Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ) (Trapnell & Campbell, 1999Trapnell, P. D., & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 284-304. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.76.2.284 https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.76.2.... )	- Self-rumination - Self-reflection
	Self-reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) (Grant et al., 2002Grant, A. M., Franklin, J., & Langford, P. (2002). The self-reflection and insight scale: A new measure of private self-consciousness. Social Behavior and Personality, 30(8), 821-835. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.8.821 https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.8.82... )	- Self-reflection - Insight
	Self-absorption Scale (SAS) (McKenzie & Hoyle, 2008McKenzie, K. S., & Hoyle, R. H. (2008). The self-absorption scale: Reliability and validity in non-clinical samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 726-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.0... )	- Private self-absorption - Public self-absorption
Situational Self-Awareness
	Self-consciousness Scale (Sedikides, 1992Sedikides, C. (1992). Mood as a determinant of attentional focus. Cognition & Emotion, 6(2), 129-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411063 https://doi.org/10.1080/0269993920841106... )	- Situational self-awareness
	Revised Self-Consciousness Scale (Wiekens & Stapel, 2010Wiekens, C. J., & Stapel, D. A. (2010). Self-Awareness and saliency of social versus individualistic behavioral standards. Social Psychology, 41(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000003 https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a00000... )	- Private situational self-awareness - Public situational self-awareness
	Situational Self-awareness Scale (SSAS) (Govern & Marsch, 2001Govern, J. M., & Marsch, L. A. (2001). Development and validation of the situational self-awareness scale. Consciousness and Cognition, 10, 366-378. https://doi.org/10.1006/ccog.2001.0506 https://doi.org/10.1006/ccog.2001.0506... )	- Private situational self-awareness - Public situational self-awareness - Environmental awareness

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: T.G. CASTRO. E-mail: thiago.cast@gmail.com.