Fatores associados à adesão a uma intervenção via web sobre o uso de álcool entre universitários

GONÇALVES, Marcella Ferreira; BEDENDO, André; ANDRADE, André Luiz Monezi; NOTO, Ana Regina

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Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)

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Sumário

THEMATIC SECTION: TERNDS AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN CYBERPSYCHOLOGY • Estud. psicol. 38 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202138e190134 copiar

Fatores associados à adesão a uma intervenção via web sobre o uso de álcool entre universitários

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do perfil dos estudantes e das estratégias de recrutamento na adesão de universitários a uma intervenção via web sobre o uso de álcool. Participaram da pesquisa 46.329 estudantes brasileiros com idade entre 18 e 30 anos e relatando consumo de álcool nos últimos três meses. Utilizaram-se três estratégias de recrutamento: convite aberto e convite pessoalmente dirigido com e sem incentivo não monetário. Avaliouse o efeito de características educacionais, sociodemográficas, motivacionais e de uso de álcool sobre a adesão por meio de modelos de regressão logística. Mulheres (aOR = 1,09 [1,04; 1,14]), estudantes com maior renda (aOR = 1,32 [1,21; 1,45]) e mais motivados (aOR = 1,04 [1,03; 1,05]) foram mais aderentes, bem como universitários que relataram binge (aOR = 1,26 [1,19; 1,33]) e uso de risco (aOR = 1,11 [1,05; 1,18]). O emprego de incentivos foi o principal fator associado à adesão (aOR = 3,69 [2,46; 5,55]). Os resultados podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de futuras intervenções sobre o uso de álcool via internet.

Palavras-chave
Bebidas alcoólicas; Incentivo; Internet; Cooperação do paciente; Portais do paciente; Saúde do estudante

Sociodemographic, educational, and recruitment variables		Non-adherent		Adherent		Total		p
Sociodemographic, educational, and recruitment variables		n = 38,099		n = 8,230		N = 46,329		p
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Sex
	Female	19,105	50.1	4,275	51.9	23,380	50.5	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	Male	18,994	49.9	3,955	48.1	22,949	49.5
Household income (R$)
	Unknown	2,252	5.9	467	5.7	2,719	5.9	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	1 to 3 minimum wages	21,344	56.0	4,218	51.2	25,562	55.1
	3 to 5 minimum wages	7,020	18.4	1,646	20.0	8,666	18.7
	5 a 10 minimum wages	4,850	12.7	1,209	14.7	6,059	13.1
	10 or more minimum wages	2,633	7.0	690	8.4	3,323	7.2
Region
	North and Northeast	9,920	26.0	1,900	23.1	11,820	25.5	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	South and Southeast	21,064	55.3	4,731	57.5	25,795	55.7
	Midwest	7,115	18.7	1,599	19.4	8,714	18.8
College
	Private	31,600	82.9	6,561	79.7	38,161	82.4	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	Public	6,499	17.1	1,669	20.3	8,168	17.6
Course
	Humanities	20,105	52. 8	4,480	54.4	24,585	53.1	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	Biological Sciences	14,704	38.6	3,006	36.5	17,710	38.2
	Exact Sciences	3,290	8.6	744	9.1	4,034	8.7
Type of recruitment
	Open invitation without incentives	28,306	74.8	5,680	69.2	33,986	73.8	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	Addressed invitation without incentives	9,400	24.8	2,391	29.1	11,791	25.6
	Incentives	144	0.4	137	1.7	281	0.6
		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Age		21.900	3.0	21.8000	3.0	21.900	3.0	^* ***** p < 0.001.
College year		2.900	1.5	2.8000	1.5	2.900	1.5	^* ***** p < 0.001.
Motivation		5.700	3.6	6.2000	3.4	5.800	3.6	^* ***** p < 0.001.

Alcohol use variables		Non-adherent		Adherent		Total		p
Alcohol use variables		n = 38,099		n = 8,230		N = 46,329		p
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Risk Zone – AUDIT
	Low risk use	27,503	72.2	5,808	70.6	33,311	71.9	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	Hazardous use	8,435	22.1	1,984	24.1	10,419	22.5
	Harmful use	1,233	3.2	262	3.2	1,495	3.2
	Possible dependence	928	2.5	176	2.1	1,104	2.4
Typical drinks
	1 or 2 drinks	13,349	35.1	2,643	32.1	15,992	34.5	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	3 or 4 drinks	11,521	30.2	2,638	32.1	14,159	30.6
	5 or 6 drinks	7,469	19.6	1,646	20.0	9,115	19.7
	7, 8 or 9 drinks	3,430	9.0	799	9.7	4,229	9.1
	10 or more drinks	2,330	6.1	504	6.1	2,330	6.1
Lifetime binge drinking
	Yes	26,775	70.3	6,156	74.8	32,931	71.1	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	No	11,324	29.7	2,074	25.2	13,398	28.9
		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
AUDIT Score		5.83	5.0	6.040	5.0	5.86	5.0	^* ***** p < 0.001.
Maximum drinks		6.82	6.4	6.950	6.6	6.84	6.3	0.09
Number of consequences		2.18	1.9	2.140	1.8	2.17	1.8	^* ***** p < 0.001.

Sociodemographic, educational, and alcohol use variables		Open invitations		Addressed invitations		Incentive		Total		p
Sociodemographic, educational, and alcohol use variables		n = 269		n = 267		n = 266		N = 802		p
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Sex
	Female	217	80.7	218	81.6	217	81.6	652	81.3	0.94
	Male	52	19.3	49	18.4	49	18.4	150	18.7
Household income (R$)
	1 to 3 minimum wages	162	60.2	165	61.8	68	25.6	395	49.3	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	3 to 5 minimum wages	63	23.4	45	16.9	78	29.3	186	23.2
	5 a 10 minimum wages	30	11.2	42	15.7	79	29.7	151	18.8
	10 or more minimum wages	14	5.2	15	5.6	41	15.4	70	8.7
Course
	Humanities	159	59.1	138	51.7	202	75.9	499	62.2	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	Biological Sciences	31	11.5	34	12.7	63	23.7	128	16.0
	Exact Sciences	79	29.4	95	35.6	1	0.4	4175	21.8
AUDIT Risk Zone
	Low risk use	222	82.5	183	68.5	186	69.9	591	73.7	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	Hazardous use	42	15.6	60	22.5	72	27.1	174	21.7
	Harmful use	4	1.5	15	5.6	3	1.1	22	2.7
	Possible dependence	1	0.4	9	3.4	5	1.9	15	1.9
Typical drinks
	1 or 2 drinks	128	47.6	100	37.4	86	32.3	314	39.2	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	3 or 4 drinks	75	27.9	87	32.6	95	35.7	257	32.0
	5 or 6 drinks	51	18.9	45	16.9	54	20.3	150	18.7
	7, 8 or 9 drinks	12	4.5	26	9.7	20	7.5	58	7.2
	10 or more drinks	3	1.1	9	3.4	11	4.2	23	2.9
Lifetime binge drinking
	Yes	167	62.1	161	60.3	205	77.1	533	66.5	^* ***** p < 0.001.
	No	102	37.9	106	39.7	61	22.9	269	33.5
		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Age		21.9	3.1	21.3	3.0	21.4	3.0	21.6	3.0	0.70
College year		2.5	1.2	2.3	1.2	2.6	1.3	2.5	1.3	0.22
Motivation		06.00	3.8	6.5	3.5	6.0	3.4	6.2	3.6	0.24
AUDIT Score		04.30	3.9	06.13	5.5	6.05	4.5	05.49	4.7	^* ***** p < 0.001.
Maximum drinks		04.68	4.2	06.13	5.7	6.27	5.3	05.69	5.2	^* ***** p < 0.001.
Number of consequences		01.75	1.6	02.27	1.9	2.08	1.7	02.03	01.76	^* ***** p < 0.001.

Variable	Category	aOR	95% CI
Sociodemographic¹ 1 models adjusted for sex, age, income, region, and intervention received; (n = 43,610)
Sex	Male	ref
Sex	Female	1.09	[1.04 -1.14]
Age		0.99	[0.98-1.00]
Household income	1 to 3 minimum wages	ref
	3 to 5 minimum wages	1.17	[1.1-1.25]0
	5 a 10 minimum wages	1.25	[1.16-1.34]
	10 or more minimum wages	1.32	[1.21-1.45]
Region	North and Northeast	ref
	South and Southeast	1.16	[1.09-1.23]
	Midwest	1.13	[1.05-1.22]
University	Private	ref
University	Public	1.25	[1.18-1.36]
Academic year	--	0.95	[0.94-0.97]
Motivation	--	1.04	[1.03-1.05]
Alcohol consumption¹ 1 models adjusted for sex, age, income, region, and intervention received; (n = 43,610)
AUDIT Score	--	1.01	[1.01-1.02]
AUDIT (Risk zone)	Low-risk	ref
	Hazardous use	1.11	[1.05-1.18]
	Harmful use	1.01	[0.88-1.17]
	Possible dependence	0.89	[0.75-1.05]
Typical drinks	1 or 2 drinks	ref
	3 or 4 drinks	1.13	[1.06-1.20]
	5 or 6 drinks	1.12	[1.04-1.20]
	7, 8 or 9 drinks	1.19	[1.09-1.30]
	10 or more drinks	1.14	[1.02-1.27]
Maximum drinks	--	1.01	[1.01-1.02]
Number of Consequences	--	0.99	[0.98-1.00]
Lifetime binge drinking	Yes	1.26	[1.19-1.33]
Recruitment strategy² 2 models adjusted for sex, age, income and intervention received. (N = 802)
Recruitment	Open invitation without incentives	ref
	Addressed invitation (no incentives)	1.15	[0.76-1.77]
	Incentive (academic credits)	3.69	[2.46-5.55]

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[1] Correspondence to: A. BEDENDO. E-mail: andre.bedendo@unifesp.br.