Latent structure evidence of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales - Short Form

ROCHA, Luiz Fellipe Dias da; HERNANDEZ, José Augusto Evangelho; FALCONE, Eliane Mary de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202138e190103

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Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)

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PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT • Estud. psicol. (Campinas) 38 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202138e190103 copy

Latent structure evidence of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales - Short Form

Evidências da estrutura latente da Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales - Short Form

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales - Short Form in a Brazilian sample. The instrument was answered online by 250 university students. The following models were tested through Confirmatory Factor Analysis: one-dimensional, three oblique factors, hierarchical, and bifactor. The estimated indices showed a better adjustment for a bifactor model composed of three specific factors and one global factor. Additional statistical analysis, such as explained common variance and omega hierarchical estimates, indicated that the measure is predominantly one-dimensional. The results also indicated evidence of convergent validity (Average Extracted Variance between 0.48 and 0.60), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha between 0.87 and 0.94) and temporal reliability of the instrument (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient between 0.64 and 0.74).

Keywords:
Emotional states; Psychological distress; Psychometrics; Psychopathology; Validation studies

Study	Model	χ²/gl	CFI	TLI	SRMR	RMSEA (LO90-HI90)	AIC
Osman et al. (2012Osman, A., Wong, J. L., Bagge, C. L., Freedenthal, S., Gutierrez, P. M., & Lozano, G. (2012). The depression anxiety stress Scales-21 (DASS-21): further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, and correlates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(12), 1322-1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21908 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21908... )	One-dimensional.	3.14	0.83	0.81	0.067	0.072 (0.066-0.079)	17.373.32
	3 oblique	1.71	0.95	0.94	0.047	0.042 (0.034-0.049)	16.981.67
	2^nd order	1.71	0.95	0.94	0.047	0.042 (0.034-0.049)	16.981.67
	Bifactor	1.57	0.96	0.95	0.040	0.037 (0.028-0.046)	16.938.07
Patias et al. (2016Patias, N. D., Machado, W. L., Bandeira, D. R., & Dell’Aglio, D. D. (2016). Depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) - short form: adaptação e validação para adolescentes brasileiros. Psico-USF, 21(3), 459-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712016210302 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-827120162... )	One-dimensional.	3.41	0.91	0.90		0.075 (0.068-0.081)
	2 oblique	2.18	0.95	0.95		0.052 (0.045-0.059)
	3 oblique	1.97	0.96	0.96		0.047 (0.040-0.054)
Zanon et al. (2020Zanon, C., Brenner, R. E., Baptista, M. N., Vogel, D. L., Rubin, M., Al-Darmaki, F. R.,... Topkaya, N. (2020). Examining the dimensionality, reliability, and invariance of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) across eight countries. Assessment, 00(0), 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191119887449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10731911198874... )	One-dimensional.		0.88			0.113
	3 oblique		0.96			0.068
	2^nd Order		0.96			0.068
	Bifactor		0.98			0.050
Present study	One-dimensional.	4.03	0.81	0.79	0.075	0.110 (0.102-0.118)	844.96
	3 oblique	2.01	0.94	0.93	0.051	0.064 (0.054-0.073)	463.77
	2^nd order	2.01	0.94	0.93	0.051	0.064 (0.054-0.073)	463.77
	Bifactor	1.85	0.95	0.94	0.042	0.058 (0.048-0.068)	436.56

Factors	1	2	3	4	CR	Alpha	ICC (CI95%)	M	SD
1 Depression	0.60				0.91	0.91	0.70 (0.58-0.80)	9.20	6.09
2 Anxiety	0.83	0.48			0.86	0.87	0.72 (0.60-0.82)	7.15	5.36
3 Stress	0.78	0.91	0.50		0.87	0.88	0.64 (0.49-0.76)	11.44	5.15
4 Negative Affectivity	0.88	0.90	0.88	0.53	0.96	0.94	0.74 (0.61-0.82)	27.79	14.71

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: J.A.E. HERNANDEZ. E-mails: <hernandez.uerj@gmail.com>; <luiz.rocha@uerj.br>.