Investigation of the relationship between the theory of mind and creative thinking skills of children in rural area

CERRAH ÖZSEVGEÇ, Lale; KONTAŞ AZAKLI, Tuğba

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202138e190155

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PSYCHOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT • Estud. psicol. 38 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202138e190155 copy

Investigation of the relationship between the theory of mind and creative thinking skills of children in rural area

Investigação da relação entre a teoria da mente e as habilidades de pensamento criativo de crianças na área rural

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study, accordingly, is to determine the relation between creativity and theory of mind skills of children aged 5-11 (Ns:117) who continue Primary Education in rural areas and to reveal the relation between the sub-dimensions of these abilities. At the end of the study, it was found that there was a significant and positive relation between the total creativity score and the sub-dimensions of theory of mind. It was found that there was a significant and positive relation between all sub-dimensions of creativity and theory of mind. The total creativity score and the scores of the sub-dimensions of creativity (fluency, originality, and elaboration) were significant but weak predictors of theory of mind tasks.

Keywords
Divergent thinking; Rural enviroment; School age children; Theory of mind

Age	ToM First-Order Test		ToM Second-Order Test		ToM Faux Pas Test
Age	Fail (%)	Pass (%)	Fail (%)	Pass (%)	Fail (%)	Pass (%)
5 and under	50.0	50.0	90.0	10.0	100.0	0.0
6	30.0	70.0	90.0	10.0	100.0	0.0
7	15.8	84.2	63.2	36.8	94.7	5.3
8	0.0	100.0	15.0	85.0	60.0	40.0
9	0.0	100.0	12.0	88.0	52.0	48.0
10 and over	0.0	100.0	9.1	90.9	57.6	42.4
Test	χ² = 25.034	p = 0.000	χ² = 53.378	p = 0.000	χ² = 21.378	p = 0.001

Creativity Sub-Dimension	Theory of Mind Tasks
	First-Order Task		Second-Order Task		Faux Pas
	r	p	r	p	r	p
Creativity Index total score	0.209	0.024	0.307	0.001	0.363	0.000
Fluency sub-dimension	0.257	0.005	0.296	0.001	0.248	0.007
Originality sub-dimension	0.189	0.041	0.303	0.001	0.469	0.000
Elaboration sub-dimension	0.198	0.032	0.233	0.011	0.222	0.016

Theory of Mind Tasks	Variable	β	Standard error	β	t	p
Theory of Mind First-Order Test	Constant	0.756	0.070		10.732	0.000
	Creativity Index Total	0.002	0.001	0.209	02.292	0.024
	R = 0.209	R² = 0.044
	F_{(1, 115)} = 5.254 p = 0.024
	Constant	0.699	0.077		09.057	0.000
	Fluency Dimension	0.012	0.004	0.257	02.855	0.005
	R = 0.257	R² = 0.066
	F_{(1, 115)} = 8.151 p = 0.005
	Constant	0.776	0.068		11.381	0.000
	Originality Dimension	0.012	0.006	0.189	02.065	0.041
	R = 0.189	R² = 0.036
	F_{(1, 115)} = 4.264 p = 0.041
	Constant	0.720	0.090		08.040	0.000
	Elaboration Dimension	0.018	0.008	0.198	02.168	0.032
	R = 0.198	R² = 0.039
	F_{(1, 115)} = 4.702 p = 0.032
Theory of Mind Second-Order Test	Constant	0.312	0.111		02.814	0.006
	Creativity Index Total	0.005	0.002	0.307	03.459	0.001
	R = 0.307	R² = 0.094
	F_{(1, 115)} = 11.967 p = 0.001
	Constant	0.282	0.123		02.289	0.024
	Fluency Dimension	0.022	0.007	0.296	03.320	0.001
	R = 0.303	R² = 0.092
	F_{(1, 115)} = 11.024 p = 0.001
	Constant	0.332	0.107		03.100	0.002
	Originality Dimension	0.031	0.009	0.303	03.406	0.001
	R = 0.233	R² = 0.054
	F_{(1, 115)} = 11.598 p = 0.001
	Constant	0.314	0.144		02.185	0.031
	Elaboration Dimension	0.034	0.013	0.233	02.574	0.011
	R = 0.198	R² = 0.039
	F_{(1, 115)} = 6.628 p = 0.011
Theory of Mind Faux pas Test	Constant	-0.108	0.105		-1.029	0.305
	Creativity Index Total	0.006	0.002	0.363	04.178	0.000
	R = 0.363	R² = 0.132
	F_{(1, 115)} = 17.456 p = 0.000
	Constant	-0.014	0.121		-0.117	0.907
	Fluency Dimension	0.018	0.007	0.248	02.746	0.007
	R = 0.248	R² = 0.062
	F_{(1, 115)} = 7.540 p = 0.007
	Constant	-0.206	0.096		-2.136	0.035
	Originality Dimension	0.047	0.008	0.469	05.700	0.000
	R = 0.469	R² = 0.220
	F_{(1, 115)} = 32.493 p = 0.000
	Constant	-0.027	0.140		-0.195	0.846
	Elaboration Dimension	0.031	0.013	0.222	02.445	0.016
	R = 0.222	R² = 0.049
	F_{(1, 115)} = 5.977 p = 0.016

Source	Type III Sum of Squares	df	Mean square	F	p	Partial eta squared
Corrected Model	31922,476^a a R Squared = 0,391 (Adjusted R Squared = 0,333). p < 0.05.	10	3192,248	6,804	0,000	0,391
Intercept	31512,879	1	31512,879	67,168	0,000	0,388
Age	18654,123	7	2664,875	5,680	0,000	0,273
ToM First Order Test	119,247	1	119,247	,254	0,615	0,002
ToM Second Order Test	134,730	1	134,730	,287	0,593	0,003
Faux-Pas Test	3777,069	1	3777,069	8,051	0,005	0,071
Error	49731,747	106	469,167
Total	572605,000	117
Corrected Total	81654,222	116

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: L. CERRAH ÖZSEVGEÇ. E-mail: lalecerrah@yahoo.com