Efficiency of a brackish water desalination pilot system

ABSTRACT

Considering the shortage of fresh water availability and an increased demand for water in the world, including Brazil, one of the alternatives for water supply are water desalination systems, which remove salts from brackish or seawater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of pilot water desalination system treating brackish water which was obtained mixing fresh water and seawater up to reach 1,500 mg L^-1 of total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration. The pilot desalination plant with production capacity of 1.0 m³ h^-1 is composed of ultrafiltration (UF) and softener working as a pre-treatment to reverse osmosis (RO). Experiments were performed to analyze some water quality parameters as TDS, electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH, apparent color, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, sulfates, and temperature. Osmotic pressure, filtration flow and water recovery rate were also measured for the RO. Analyzing the result obtained, it can be concluded that the efficiency of TDS removal and conductivity were 99%. UF was efficient in removing turbidity, whereas RO reached higher salt removal efficiencies. The pilot plant system could remove all water quality parameters studied. Recovery rate in RO was 74.64%.

Keywords:
brackish water; desalination; ultrafiltration; reverse osmosis; membrane water treatment