Brazil is a country with large superficial water reserves and aquatic biodiversity, despite the unequal distribution among hydrographic regions. Brazilian superficial freshwater classification system is guide for the objectives and instruments of environmental and water policies, regulated for another laws, like Resolution CONAMA nº 357/05. The present work intends to analyze the existent problems in Brazilian water quality management in relation the environmental sustainability premises and, by means of studying reference countries strategies, to identify new trends. It was evidenced technical, legal, economic, social and institutional impediments, as: lacks of articulation between water and environmental instruments, difficulties in creation Comities and Basin Agencies; incongruence of protective water quality and the existence of permissive water classes; development of qualitative standards that only considers waters physical-chemical an microbiological characteristics, the imbalance of environmental information system, and so on. From this diagnosis, were searched recommendations for the perfectioning of the system.
Environmental sustainability; water quality resources; superficial freshwater classification system