This study evaluated the treatment of raw lake water using a double filtration (DF) pilot plant consisting of an up-flow gravel filter (UGF) in series with a down-flow sand filter (DSF) and followed by a post-treatment granular activated carbon (GAC) unit. Additionally, the study examines the effect of pre and inter-oxidation (between UGF and DSF) on overall efficiency in the treatment and the formation of halogenated organic byproducts (HOB). According to the results obtained, it was observed that the pre-oxidation improved the quality of the UGF effluent and the inter-oxidation favored lower values of turbidity and color in the DSF effluent. Also, the treatment process by adsorption on granular activated carbon, used as a post-treatment, was efficient to ensure the quality of final effluent in the tests, especially regarding the removal of organic matter, cyanobacteria, and color. The maximum concentrations of HOB found in the effluents from the DSF and GAC did not exceed the limits of the Brazilian drinking water standards (Portaria nº 2.914/2011).
double filtration; oxidation; chlorine; adsorption; granular activated carbon; halogenated organic byproducts
