Evasion in higher education: definitions and trajectories

Coimbra, Camila Lima; Silva, Leonardo Barbosa e; Costa, Natália Cristina Dreossi

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ARTICLE • Educ. Pesqui. 47 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202147228764 copy

Evasion in higher education: definitions and trajectories^* * Translated by Humberto Araújo Costa. Contacts: haraujocosta@gmail.com.

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Abstract

The evasion phenomenon is considered one of the Ministry of Education main concerns and seen as a target to be tackled or an index to be reduced. The term appears in some public policies for Higher Education, such as REUNI (BRASIL, 2007BRASIL. Decreto nº 6.096, de 24 de abril de 2007. Institui o Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais – REUNI. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2007. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/decreto/d6096.htm. Acesso em: 04 jan. 2021.
http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_at... ), SINAES (BRASIL, 2004BRASIL. Lei nº 10.861, de 14 de abril de 2004. Institui o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior – SINAES e dá outras providências. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2004/lei/l10.861.htm. Acesso em: 04 jan. 2021.
http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_at... ) and PNAES (BRASIL, 2010BRASIL. Decreto nº 7.234, de 19 de julho de 2010. Dispõe sobre o Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil – PNAES. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2010. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/decreto/d7234.htm. Acesso em: 04 jan. 2021.
http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_at... ). However, the bibliographic research done in order to map a larger search called: Evasion, retention and permanence: social inclusion and the right to education has revealed that expert analysis and official documents are showing divergences and/or insufficiencies and brought together phenomena of different kind. The divergence has been based on criteria that almost never differentiated by causality or motivation for loss of bond with the institution. Indeed, the purpose of this article moves towards pointing out the limits of the current definitions about evasion in Federal Higher Education, reinforcing the importance of definitions based on causalities and, finally, reaching an appropriate definition of evasion for the formulation and evaluation of policies for Federal Higher Education. For this, it was decided to make a mapping of the bibliographic production on the subject, a brief retrieval of official documents about the topic and the specialized bibliography and then launch a suggestion for the debate about evasion, in the understanding of this phenomenon as a social indicator.

Evasion; Higher education; Public policies

WORK	DEFINITION	FORMULA
Paredes (1994)	It uses the “concept of course performance”, which is “calculated as the ratio between the degrees and the vacancies offered”.	$% E = 100 % - \frac{degres}{vacancies}$
Silva Filho et al. (2007)	Total evasion measures the number of students who, having entered a certain course, IES or education system, did not obtain a diploma at the end of a certain number of years.	$E_{n} = 1 - \frac{(M_{n} - I_{n})}{(M_{n - 1} - C_{n - 1})}$
Special Evasion Studies Commission (1996)	Students who, at the end of the full generation period, had not graduated and were no longer linked to the course in question	$% E = \frac{N_{i} - N_{d} - N_{L}}{N_{i}} \times 100$
Braga et al. (2003)	Class data that were still within the maximum time for payment, being called by these authors as “incomplete generation”.	$% E = 100 % - % undergraduates - 0, 06 x (100 % - % undergraduates)$
Serpa; Pinto (2000)	Evaded as the variation in enrollments excluding freshmen and graduates.	$E_{x} = 1_{x + 1} - (M_{x + 1} - M_{x}) - C_{x}$

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[1] Camila Lima Coimbra is a professor at the Education College at the Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), graduated in pedagogy and a master’s degree in education from UFU and a doctorate in education from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC / SP). She is a researcher at UFU’s Public Policy Observatory Research Group.

Leonardo Barbosa e Silva is a professor at the Institute of Social Sciences at the Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), graduated in economics from UFU, master and doctor in sociology from Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP). He is currently a professor at the Graduate Program in Social Sciences at UFU. He was professor of student assistance and today leads the Public Policy Observatory Research Group at UFU.

Natália Cristina Dreossi Costa is a master’s student in the Graduate Program of the Institute of Social Sciences at the Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU). She has a bachelor’s degree and a degree in social sciences by UFU. She is a member of the Public Policy Observatory Research Group at UFU.

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Evasion in higher education: definitions and trajectories* * Translated by Humberto Araújo Costa. Contacts: haraujocosta@gmail.com.

Abstract

Evasion in higher education: definitions and trajectories^* * Translated by Humberto Araújo Costa. Contacts: haraujocosta@gmail.com.