Variables influencing the elementary education IDEB in public municipal networks of São Paulo in 2017

Crozatti, Jaime

Jaime Crozatti

- Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Contact: jcrozatti@usp.br.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-8761

Jaime Crozatti is a Ph.D. in Controllership and Accounting by FEA/USP, professor of the Master’s Degree and Undergraduate courses on Public Policy Management at EACH/USP, and member of the José Renato Araújo Interdisciplinary Observatory of Public Policy.

Tables (10)

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Table 1
– Variables used in the multiple regression model with stepwise procedure: model denotation (acronym), description and source

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Table 2
– Population, enrolled students, mean, lowest and highest value and standard deviation of the 2017 IDEB, of the municipal network in the State of São Paulo, by population group

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Table 3
– Variables removed by the application of the regression model, with the stepwise procedure, for having a statistical significance lower than 5% ( p-value > 0.05)

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Table 4
Regression data

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IDEB2017 = 1.161345 i d h r 10 + 0.0053112 ied17 − 0.3499537 a b d 17 + 0.6819201 I d e b 15 + 0.0000164 m a 17 Note: The variables were described in Table 1 and are analyzed individually below.

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Table 5
– Income dimension Human Development Index (idhr10) of São Paulo municipalities in 2010

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Table 6
– Teaching Effort Index (ied17) of those working in municipal elementary education networks in the State of São Paulo in 2017, by population group

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Table 7
– Dropout rate (abd17) of elementary school students in Brazilian municipalities in 2017

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Table 8
– Average expenditure on remuneration of education professionals per student enrolled (MA17) in municipal elementary education networks in São Paulo municipalities in 2017, categorized by population group

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Table 9
– Correlation matrix of the variables that make up the IDEB multiple regression for the year 2017, of the elementary education networks of the São Paulo municipalities

Variable	Description	Source
ideb17	Basic Education Development Index of schools in the São Paulo municipal elementary education networks for 2017.	BRASIL, 2019c
ideb15	Basic Education Development Index of schools in the São Paulo municipal elementary education networks for 2015.	BRASIL, 2019c
tdi17	Year Age Distortion Rate. It refers to the gap rate between the student’s age and the year the student should be enrolled in, if he followed the regular flow in elementary education, when started at five or six years of age.	BRASIL, 2019c
abd17	Student dropout rate, identified by comparing enrollments between the beginning and end of 2017.	BRASIL, 2019c
inse17	Index of the socio-economic level of students enrolled in the municipal primary education network, in 2017.	BRASIL, 2019c
tnr17	Non-response rate. Represents the proportion of students with no data in INEP databases.	BRASIL, 2019c
afd17	Adequacy of Teacher Training. Percentage of teachers in Elementary School, in municipal schools, by group of training adequacy to the subject taught, in 2017. They refer to: Group 1 - Faculty with higher education degree (or bachelor’s degree with pedagogical complementation) in the same area of the subject taught; and Group 2 - Faculty with bachelor’s degree or higher education (without pedagogical complementation), in the same area of the subject taught.	BRASIL, 2019c
dsu17	Percentage of Teachers in Elementary School of the municipal network with higher education, in 2017.	BRASIL, 2019c
had17	Average Hours/Classes per day. There is no technical note on the INEP website about this variable. The information reported by the municipalities to INEP was considered.	BRASIL, 2019c
ied17	Teaching effort index. Classifies each teacher in levels from 1 to 6, according to the effort made in the exercise of the profession. High levels indicate greater effort, as they are related to the following teaching characteristics: number of schools worked, number of work shifts, number of students served, and number of stages in which they teach. The percentages of teachers working at levels 1 and 2 were taken, i.e., the proportion of teachers in each network that, in general, have up to 25 or between 25 and 150 students and work in a single shift, school and stage, levels considered of less effort.	BRASIL, 2019c
ird17	Faculty Regularity Rate. Evaluates the regularity of the teaching staff in basic education schools, based on the observation of the permanence of teachers in schools in the last five years (2013 to 2017). It ranges from 0 to 5, the closer to 0, the more irregular the teacher’s relationship with the school. Schools were classified by the following ranges of the regularity indicator: low regularity (mean IRD equal to or less than 2); medium-low (average IRD greater than 2 to 3); medium-high (average IRD greater than 3 to 4); high (average IRD greater than 4 to 5). For this study, the proportions of teachers in the medium-high and high IRD were taken.	BRASIL, 2019c
rmd17	Average remuneration of teachers. It refers to the standardized gross remuneration for 40 hours of teachers working in basic education by municipality and level of education, in 2014.	BRASIL, 2019c
atu17	Students by class: “division of enrollment by the number of classes” (INEP, 2019b).	BRASIL, 2019c
Conedu	Existence of Municipal Council of Education, 0 for no, 1 for yes.	BRASIL, 2019c
Confund	Existence of a Municipal Management Council of FUNDEB – Basic Education Development Fund, 0 for no, 1 for yes.	BRASIL, 2019c
Gestrec	Existence of the Education Revenue Management Council in the municipality, 0 for no, 1 for yes.	BRASIL, 2019c
Sme	Existence of an autonomous administrative structure of the Municipal Department of Education, 0 for no, 1 for yes.	BRASIL, 2019c
Plano	Existence of Municipal Council of Education, 0 for no, 1 for yes.	BRASIL, 2019c
rc17	Total Current Revenue collected by the municipality in 2017.	BRASIL, 2020b
rcc17	Current Municipal Revenue per capita in 2017.	Based on BRASIL, 2020a and BRASIL, 2020b.
fundb17	Total amount received from Fundeb in 2017.	BRASIL, 2020b
fundeba17	Average value per student, of the FUNDEB amount received by the municipality, in 2017.	Based on BRASIL, 2019b and BRASIL, 2020b.
gini10	Indicator of the degree of concentration of municipal income, between the richest and the poorest. The closer to 1, the greater the level of income distribution in this group.	BRASIL, 2019e
idhm10	Municipal Global Human Development Index for the year 2010.	BRASIL, 2020 a
idhe10	Human Development Index, education dimension, for 2010.	BRASIL, 2020 a
idhl10	Human Development Index, longevity dimension, in 2010.	BRASIL, 2020 a
idhr10	Human Development Index, education dimension, for the year 2010.	BRASIL, 2020 a
pibt16	Total Gross Domestic Product of the municipality in 2016	BRASIL, 2020 a
pibc16	Inter-Gross Product per capita of the municipality, in 2016.	BRASIL, 2020 a
ma17	Average budget expenditure per student, with remuneration and/or benefits paid to municipal elementary education professionals.	Based on SÃO PAULO, 2019SÃO PAULO. Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo. Contas anuais. São Paulo: TCESP, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais. Acesso em: jan. 2019. https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais...
mb17	Average budget expenditure per student on trips and stays in municipal elementary education.	Based on SÃO PAULO, 2019SÃO PAULO. Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo. Contas anuais. São Paulo: TCESP, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais. Acesso em: jan. 2019. https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais...
mc17	Average budget expenditure per student, with interest and financial charges for municipal elementary education.	Based on SÃO PAULO, 2019SÃO PAULO. Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo. Contas anuais. São Paulo: TCESP, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais. Acesso em: jan. 2019. https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais...
md17	Average budget expenditure per student, with purchases of materials and services.	Based on SÃO PAULO, 2019SÃO PAULO. Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo. Contas anuais. São Paulo: TCESP, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais. Acesso em: jan. 2019. https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais...
me17	Average expenditure per student, with permanent materials and fixed investments in municipal elementary education.	Based on SÃO PAULO, 2019SÃO PAULO. Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo. Contas anuais. São Paulo: TCESP, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais. Acesso em: jan. 2019. https://www.tce.sp.gov.br/contas-anuais...

Population Range	Quantity of Municipalities.	Population	Rate	Total enrollment in basic educ.	Rate	2017 IDEB
Population Range	Quantity of Municipalities.	Population	Rate	Total enrollment in basic educ.	Rate	Average	Lowest	Highest	Standard Deviation
1	268	1,367,587	4%	99,069	5%	6.37	4.40	7.80	0.68
2	240	5,617,178	17%	393,281	22%	6.18	4.35	7.80	0.65
3	112	13,107,592	40%	796,449	44%	6.19	4.85	7.40	0.55
4	22	10,362,941	31%	461,851	25%	6.10	4.95	7.10	0.60
5	2	2,531,542	8%	71,186	4%	5.90	5.60	6.20	0.42
Total	644	32,986,840	100%	1,821,837	100%	6.25	4.35	7.80	0.65

Variable	p-value	Variable	p-value	Variable	p-value
me17	0.9528	mb17	0.6568	atu17	0.3800
inse17	0.9406	idhm10	0.5690	gini10	0.2051
fundb17	0.9208	rcc17	0.5415	md17	0.1823
sme	0.9045	rc17	0.5224	gestrec	0.1707
pibt16	0.8970	ird17	0.5032	plano	0.1347
confund	0.8521	dsu17	0.4256	tdi17	0.0887
had17	0.8496	afd17	0.4084	tnr17	0.0688
mc17	0.8445	idhe10	0.4049	conedu	0.0519
pibc16	0.7241	fundeba17	0.4005	-	-
rmd17	0.6819	idhl10	0.3862	-	-

Source	SS	Df	MS	Number of obs = 574
				F(5,568) = 222.87
Model	157.732617	5	31.55	Prob > F = 0.0000
Residual	80.398463	568	0.14154659	R-squared = 0.6624
				Adj R-squared = 0.6594
Total	238,13108	573	0.41558652	Root MSE = 0.37623
ideb17	Coeff	Std. ERR	t	P>\|t\|	[95% Conf. Interval
idhr10	1.161345	.3992458	2.91	0.004	.3771669	1.945524
ied17	.0053112	.0010288	5.16	0.000	.0032905	.0073319
abd17	-.3499537	071097	4.92	0.000	-.4895987	-.2103086
ideb15	.6819201	.029358	23.23	0.000	.6242566	.7395836
ma17	.0000164	6.48e-06	2.53	0.012	3.63e-06	.0000291
_Cons	.9990193	.3153371	3.17	0.002	.3796502	1.618388

population range	IDHR2010
population range	Average	Minor vlr.	Greater value	Standard Deviation
1	0.70	0.60	0.85	0.03
2	0.72	0.59	0.82	0.03
3	0.75	0.66	0.89	0.04
4	0.77	0.67	0.86	0.05
5	0.79	0.75	0.83	0.06
Everyone:	0.72	0.59	0.89	0.04

population range	Teaching Effort Rate
population range	Average	Minor vlr.	Greater value	Standard Deviation
1	56.66	8.30	100.00	19.73
2	50.41	12.80	100.00	15.80
3	49.84	18.70	89.60	14.44
4	47.26	18.80	86.00	19.06
5	57.20	50.10	64.30	10.04
Everyone:	52.80	8.30	100.00	17.68

population range	Elementary school dropout rate
population range	Average	Minor vlr.	Greater value	Standard Deviation	Estimate
1	.0839552	0	1.5	.2446507	143
2	.15	0	1.6	.2754493	683
3	.1508929	0	.7	.1750138	1,519
4	.2681818	0	1	.2732283	1,204
5	.15	.1	2.	.0707107	89
Everyone:	.1265625	0	1.6	.2499090	3,638

population range	Average expenditure per enrolled student
population range	Average	Lowest value	Highest value	Standard Deviation
1	8,456.74	1,574.02	46,744.79	5,140.79
2	6,193.08	532.55	21,004.93	2,222.50
3	6,029.19	1,458.62	13,232.57	2,039.93
4	5,537.45	7,096.93	9,724.32	2,348.73
5	6,661.15	5,442.45	7,879.86	1,723.51
Everyone:	7,083.66	532.55	46,744.79	3,879.85

	ideb17	ideb15	idhr10	ied17	abd17	ma17
ideb17	1.0000
sig	0.0000
ideb15	0.3695	1.0000
sig	0.0000
idhr10	0.0813	0.1137	1.0000
sig	0.0449	0.0050
ied17	0.3871	0.1791	-0.1828	1.0000
sig	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
abd17	-0.4449	-0.1630	0.0885	-0.2994	1.0000
sig	0.0000	0.0001	0.0256	0.0000
ma17	0.2224	-0.0376	-0.0604	0.1748	-0.1592	1.0000
sig	0.0000	0.3549	0.1284	0.0000	0.0001

[1] Jaime Crozatti is a Ph.D. in Controllership and Accounting by FEA/USP, professor of the Master’s Degree and Undergraduate courses on Public Policy Management at EACH/USP, and member of the José Renato Araújo Interdisciplinary Observatory of Public Policy.

Brasil

Brasil

Variables influencing the elementary education IDEB in public municipal networks of São Paulo in 2017 ^* * The author take full responsibility for the translation of the text, including titles of books/articles and the quotations originally published in Portuguese.

Abstract

Brasil

Brasil

Variables influencing the elementary education IDEB in public municipal networks of São Paulo in 2017 * * The author take full responsibility for the translation of the text, including titles of books/articles and the quotations originally published in Portuguese.

Abstract

Variables influencing the elementary education IDEB in public municipal networks of São Paulo in 2017 ^* * The author take full responsibility for the translation of the text, including titles of books/articles and the quotations originally published in Portuguese.