ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the main advances in fetal surgical therapy aiming to inform health care professionals about the state-of-the-art techniques and future challenges in this field. We discuss the necessary steps of technical evolution from the initial open fetal surgery approach until the development of minimally invasive techniques of fetal endoscopic surgery (fetoscopy).
Fetus/surgery; Fetoscopy/methods; Minimally invasive surgical procedures; Meningomyelocele; Spinal dysraphism