SOIL COVER IS STRATEGIC TO REMEDY EROSION IN SANDY SOILS

Flumignan, Danilton L.; Gomes, Lidiane D.; Motomiya, Anamari V. A.; Oliveira, Gabriel Q. de; Vieira Filho, Paulo S.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n1e20220047/2023

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Scientific Paper • Eng. agríc. 43 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n1e20220047/2023 copy

SOIL COVER IS STRATEGIC TO REMEDY EROSION IN SANDY SOILS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Sandy-textured soils are naturally more vulnerable to the erosion process and their exploitation, although possible, is often performed inappropriately, favoring its degradation. In this context, this study aimed to classify the rainfall erosivity in a region of sandy soils to identify critical situations of soil and water loss and also correlate it with rainfall data to assess whether there is temporal dependence of this variable using geostatistical techniques. The potential for alternative and sustainable production systems to be used in regions with sandy soils was also analyzed. Historical data of precipitation in the study region were analyzed to determine the average monthly and annual erosivity indices, which were classified and its temporal dependence was assessed by applying geostatistics. NDVI data from satellite images were used to investigate the soil cover pattern in different production systems. Geostatistics was adequate for the analysis of rainfall erosivity, which showed moderate to strong temporal dependence. It was classified between strong and very strong and was highly dependent on precipitation, with events of higher erosion potential between October and March in the studied region. The vicious circle of degradation of sandy soils, such as those of the Bolsão region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, can be modified by adopting alternative and sustainable production systems that value the maximization of soil cover.

rainfall erosivity; soil conservation; geostatistics

MONTHLY erosivity classes	R (MJ mm h⁻¹ ha⁻¹ month⁻¹)
Very weak	R ≤ 250
Weak	250 < R ≤ 500
Moderate	500 < R ≤ 750
Strong	750 < R ≤ 1,000
Very strong	R > 1,000
ANNUAL erosivity classes	R (MJ mm h⁻¹ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹)
Weak	R ≤ 2,452
Moderate	2,452 < R ≤ 4,905
Moderate to strong	4,905 < R ≤ 7,357
Strong	7,357 < R ≤ 9,810
Very strong	R > 9,810

Municipality	History (years)	Monthly maximum	Monthly average	Annual average	CV^* (%)	Altitude (m)
Água Clara	17	546	129	1,550	7.71	327
Aparecida do Taboado	20	555	104	1,250	7.80	392
Brasilândia	13	510	109	1,310	7.55	350
Cassilândia	15	553	138	1,655	7.41	462
Chapadão do Sul	20	511	139	1,665	7.05	817
Inocência	19	558	126	1,509	7.49	510
Paranaíba	31	595	117	1,406	8.00	385
Santa Rita do Pardo	23	433	113	1,356	6.40	358
Três Lagoas	10	405	109	1,312	6.57	326
Average for the Bolsão region	19	518	120	1,446	7.33	436

Municipality	Monthly R			Annual R	CV^* (%)
Municipality	Minimum	Maximum	Average	Annual R	CV^* (%)
Água Clara	0	4,941	839	10,074	9.57
Aparecida do Taboado	0	5,852	724	8,693	10.08
Brasilândia	0	5,052	741	8,895	9.59
Cassilândia	0	4,814	864	10,370	9.45
Chapadão do Sul	0	4,308	863	10,350	8.61
Inocência	0	5,177	818	9,811	9.31
Paranaíba	0	5,934	792	9,501	10.13
Santa Rita do Pardo	0	3,944	728	8,735	8.23
Três Lagoas	0	3,685	719	8,624	8.17
Average for the Bolsão region	0	4,856	788	9,450	9.24

Municipality	Model	C₀	C₀+C	A₀	R²
Água Clara	Spherical	248,000	1,013,000	8.36	0.96
Aparecida do Taboado	Spherical	294,000	828,800	9.57	0.96
Brasilândia	Spherical	357,000	836,200	8.59	0.81
Cassilândia	Spherical	240,000	1,073,000	7.43	0.95
Chapadão do Sul	Spherical	140,000	884,000	6.90	0.95
Inocência	Spherical	174,000	879,000	7.95	0.99
Paranaíba	Spherical	267,000	1,068,000	8.25	0.95
Santa Rita do Rio Pardo	Spherical	216,000	575,300	7.95	0.98
Três Lagoas	Spherical	95,000	519,600	5.24	0.63
Average for the Bolsão region	Spherical	225,667	852,989	7.80	0.91

Municipality	TDI (%)	Class
Água Clara	76	Strong
Aparecida do Taboado	65	Moderate
Brasilândia	57	Moderate
Cassilândia	78	Strong
Chapadão do Sul	84	Strong
Inocência	80	Strong
Paranaíba	75	Strong
Santa Rita do Pardo	62	Moderate
Três Lagoas	82	Strong
Average for the Bolsão region	73.2	Moderate

Municipality	Intercept (a)	Angular coefficient (b)	Standard error	R²
Água Clara	25.4	0.97	0.07	0.46
Aparecida do Taboado	33.0	0.96	0.09	0.32
Brasilândia	29.7	0.98	0.13	0.28
Cassilândia	88.8	0.91	0.09	0.38
Chapadão do Sul	64.8	0.93	0.06	0.50
Inocência	40.0	0.95	0.07	0.48
Paranaíba	10.0	0.99	0.06	0.45
Santa Rita do Rio Pardo	14.5	0.99	0.09	0.32
Três Lagoas	145.7	0.81	0.11	0.32

Period	NDVI			CV (%)
Period	Pasture	Eucalyptus	Native forest	Pasture	Eucalyptus	Native forest
January	0.6	0.78	0.81	18	21.3	7.1
February	0.62	0.81	0.82	16.3	19.5	6
March	0.62	0.82	0.82	16.5	19	6.4
April	0.59	0.82	0.81	17.9	19.1	8
May	0.55	0.80	0.78	18.8	20.6	7.7
June	0.5	0.79	0.75	20.2	21.1	7.9
July	0.42	0.76	0.7	21.6	21.7	10.4
August	0.36	0.73	0.63	19.1	22.3	11.9
September	0.38	0.72	0.64	25	21.3	14.1
October	0.45	0.73	0.74	23	22.8	10.2
November	0.51	0.74	0.79	20.1	22.4	7.8
December	0.57	0.77	0.81	19.3	22	7.5
Annual	0.51	0.77	0.76	-	-	-

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author. Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste/Dourados - MS, Brasil. E-mail: danilton.flumignan@embrapa.br | ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-2164