EFFECT OF WATER DEFICIT ON SAFFLOWER CULTIVATION AT DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES

Daniel, Cintia; Santos, Reginaldo F.; Pinto, Juliana de S.; Hubner, Vitória; Pazuch, Felix A.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v44e20230067/2024

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Scientific Paper • Eng. agríc. 44 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v44e20230067/2024 copy

EFFECT OF WATER DEFICIT ON SAFFLOWER CULTIVATION AT DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Safflower stands out among oilseeds due to its oil quality and crop resilience in dry and cold regions. However, there have been limited studies on its water requirements. This study aimed to assess water stress indices and determine phenological stages with the highest water demands during safflower cultivation. The experiment was conducted in two phases: one in a greenhouse and another in the field. Treatments involved different irrigation timings during the stages of crop development. The variables analyzed included plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry aboveground biomass, number of capitula, and number and weight of seeds. The results showed that safflower cultivation benefited from irrigation during its vegetative stage, in conjunction with irrigation during the reproductive and/or grain formation stage. It exhibited susceptibility to water deficit when irrigated only during the vegetative stage. Safflower can be cultivated in various climatic regions of Brazil and become an economically important species due to its adaptability, production, and potential.

Carthamus tinctorius L; yield components; agrarian scenario; irrigation; water demand

Water demand	Days after sowing
Kc 0.45	20
Kc 0.75	40
Kc 1.15	80
Kc 0.85	100

Element	cmol _c dm ^-3
Calcium (Ca)	4.57
Magnesium (Mg)	2.8
Potassium (K)	0.84
Aluminum (Al)	0
H + Aluminum (H + Al)	5.22
Sum of bases (SB)	8.21
CEC (T)	13.43

Base saturation (V%)	61.13 mg dm ^-3
	mg dm ^-3
Phosphorus (P)	19.42
pH CaCl ₂	5.48

Source of variation	Morphological component

	Plant height (m)	Stem diameter (cm)
Vegetative	58.50 a	5.45 a
Reproductive	82.25 ab	4.60 a
Grain formation	80.00 ab	5.62 a
Vegetative and reproductive	88.75 ab	5.82 a
Vegetative and grain formation	78.25 ab	6.20 a
Reproductive and grain formation	74.25 ab	6.07 a
None of the stages	63.25 ab	5.02 a
All stages	104.25 b	6.20 a
CV (%)	23.5	18.88
F	<0.05**	0.34 ^ns

Source of variation	Biomass component

	Fresh mass (g)	Dry mass (g)
Vegetative	3.17 a	3.17 ab
Reproductive	5.80 ab	2.55 a
Grain formation	5.82 ab	3.82 ab
Vegetative and reproductive	9.20 b	6.95 b
Vegetative and grain formation	3.88 ab	2.63 a
Reproductive and grain formation	6.60 ab	4.82 ab
None of the stages	2.69 a	1.94 a
All stages	6.54 a	3.54 ab
CV (%)	45.88	50.02
F	<0.05**	<0.05**

Source of variation	Yield component

	Number of capitula	Number of seeds	Seed weight (g)
Vegetative	0.75 a	0.00 a	0.00 a
Reproductive	5.00 b	50.50 ab	2.77 ab
Grain formation	1.00 a	2.00 a	0.05 a
Vegetative and reproductive	3.25 ab	99.00 b	4.39 b
Vegetative and grain formation	1.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a
Reproductive and grain formation	3.00 ab	0.00 a	0.00 a
None of the stages	1.75 ab	0.00 a	0.00 a
All stages	3.50 ab	24.50 a	0.84 a
CV (%)	65.3	114.35	128.11
F	<0.05**	<0.05**	<0.05**

Treatment	Morphological component

	Plant height (m)	Stem diameter (cm)
Vegetative	1.25 ab	8.00 ab
Reproductive	1.26 ab	9.33 ab
Grain formation	1.35 bc	10.33 ab
Vegetative and reproductive	1.62 e	10.66 b
Vegetative and grain formation	1.53 de	10.66 b
Reproductive and grain formation	1.48 d	9.50 ab
None of the stages	1.38 c	8.66 ab
All stages	1.23 a	7.00 a
CV (%)	4.4	19.61
F	< 0.05**	< 0.05**

Treatment	Biomass component

	Fresh mass (g)	Dry mass (g)
Vegetative	27.53 a	16.17 a
Reproductive	38.83 a	20.16 a
Grain formation	36.36 a	21.65 a
Vegetative and reproductive	52.24 a	30.23 a
Vegetative and grain formation	53.9 a	29.94 a
Reproductive and grain formation	48.36 a	27.16 a
None of the stages	36.7 a	21.87 a
All stages	44.85 a	26.33 a
CV (%)	34.45	32.2
F	< 0.05**	<0.05**

Treatment	Yield component

	Number of capitula	Number of seeds	Seed weight (g)
Vegetative	6.00 a	64.16 a	3.33 a
Reproductive	7.83 a	82.66 ab	4.21 ab
Grain formation	9.66 a	91.33 ab	4.84 ab
Vegetative and reproductive	14.83 a	271.33 c	13.83 c
Vegetative and grain formation	13.33 a	273.00 c	13.92 c
Reproductive and grain formation	9.50 a	86.83 ab	4.42 ab
None of the stages	7.50 a	70.50 a	3.66 a
All stages	11.50 a	232.66 bc	12.33bc
CV (%)	51.15	59.39	58.9
F	0.06 ^ns	< 0.05**	< 0.05**

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] 1* Corresponding author. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Energia na Agricultura/Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná/Cascavel - PR, Brasil. E-mail: cintia.daniel1998@gmail.com