A ROTARY BLADE DESIGN FOR PADDY FIELDS WITH LONG RICE STRAW BASED ON EDEM

Ma, Chengcheng; Yi, Shujuan; Tao, Guixiang

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n3e20220062/2023

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Scientific Paper • Eng. agríc. 43 (3) • July 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n3e20220062/2023 copy

A ROTARY BLADE DESIGN FOR PADDY FIELDS WITH LONG RICE STRAW BASED ON EDEM

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The paddy field machine uses excessive power during paddy field preparation because of the high distribution density of rice straw. In this study, a rotary blade is created to address this problem. The structural parameters of the rotary blade were designed and the dynamic analysis of the rotary blade's soil-cutting process was completed to establish a model of the rotary blade's power consumption. Through the model, the primary factors influencing the rotary blade's power consumption were identified. A composite soil bin model of rice straw‒muddy layer‒bottom soil was established in EDEM software, with the bending angle of the front blade, the working width of a single blade, and the thickness of the blade as the test factors. The straw burying rate, power consumption, and surface flatness after rotary tillage were used as evaluation indicators to conduct multi-factor simulation tests on the composite soil bin model. The optimized analysis of the test data showed that the optimal geometric parameters for the rotary blade were 49 mm working width, 108° front blade bending angle, and 4 mm blade thickness. A field verification test was carried out on the optimized rotary blade, and the test results showed that the surface flatness after rotary tillage was 3.25 cm, the qualified rate of rotary tillage depth was 93.3%, and the degree of mud mixing was 3.41 kg/dm³, which was suitable for the land preparation requirements of paddy fields.

agricultural engineering; rotary blade of paddy field; EDEM; parameter optimization; performance test

Type of material	Density/(kg∙m³)	Poisson ratio	Shear modulus/(Pa)
Rice straw	241	0.40	1×10⁶
Muddy layer	1500	0.38	1×10⁶
Bottom soil	1850	0.30	1×10⁸

Type of interactive material	Collision recovery factor	Coefficient of static friction	Dynamic friction coefficient
Rice straw‒rice straw	0.3	0.9	0.1
Muddy layer‒muddy layer	0.3	0.114	0.1
Bottom soil‒bottom soil	0.6	0.6	0.4
Muddy layer‒rotary blade	0.5	0.2	0.03
Rice straw‒rotary blade	0.2	0.3	0.01
Rice straw‒muddy layer	0.4	0.8	0.2
Muddy layer‒rotary blade	0.6	0.6	0.05
Muddy layer‒rice straw	0.4	0.8	0.2

Code	Working width of single blade (mm)	Bending angle of front blade (°)	Thickness of blade (mm)
1.682	60.00	140.00	5.50
1	51.89	131.89	5.10
0	40.00	120.00	4.50
-1	28.11	108.11	3.91
-1.682	20.00	100.00	3.50

Number	Experimental factors			Performance indexes
Number	x₁	x₂	x₃	y₁	y₂	y₃
1	-1	-1	-1	0.783	57.9	269.43
2	1	-1	-1	0.850	45.5	297.97
3	-1	1	-1	0.783	78.4.	362.43
4	1	1	-1	0.783	65.5	406.79
5	-1	-1	1	0.783	69.5	418.51
6	1	-1	1	0.900	53.0	436.94
7	-1	1	1	0.817	69.8	395.33
8	1	1	1	0.850	61.0	481.97
9	-1.682	0	0	0.783	63.2	388.40
10	1.682	0	0	0.85	42.8	445.09
11	0	-1.682	0	0.85	50.5	330.03
12	0	1.682	0	0.783	72.3	434.87
13	0	0	-1.682	0.783	44.2	272.25
14	0	0	1.682	0.850	71.7	445.03
15	0	0	0	0.800	35.3	406.83
16	0	0	0	0.867	36.2	399.12
17	0	0	0	0.900	41.8	381.19
18	0	0	0	0.867	32.2	403.64
19	0	0	0	0.867	37.3	394.05
20	0	0	0	0.867	35.1	408.63
21	0	0	0	0.883	41.8	396.36
22	0	0	0	0.867	32.8	416.46
23	0	0	0	0.867	30.8	396.48

Source of variance	Quadratic sum (SS)	Degrees of freedom (DF)	Mean square (MS)	Variance rate	Significance probability
Pattern	0.032	9	0.0036	7.25	0.0008
x₁	0.0080	1	0.0080	16.18	0.0014
x₂	0.0028	1	0.0028	5.7	0.0328
x₃	0.0051	1	0.0051	10.35	0.0067
x₁x₂	0.0029	1	0.0029	5.8	0.0317
x₁x₃	0.0009	1	0.0009	1.75	0.2086
x₂x₃	0.0003	1	0.0003	0.66	0.4308
x₁²	0.0041	1	0.0041	8.37	0.0126
x₂²	0.0041	1	0.0041	8.37	0.0126
x₃²	0.0041	1	0.0041	8.37	0.0126
Residual error	0.0064	13	0.0005
Misfit item	0.0006	5	0.0001	0.16	0.9688
Pure error	0.0058	8	0.0007
Total value	0.038	22

Pattern	4790.07	9	532.23	19.20	<0.0001
x₁	527.90	1	527.90	19.04	0.0008
x₂	534.82	1	534.82	19.29	0.0007
x₃	199.90	1	199.90	7.21	0.0187
x₁x₂	6.48	1	6.48	0.23	0.6368
x₁x₃	0.00	1	0.00	0.00	1.0000
x₂x₃	129.61	1	129.61	4.67	0.0498
x₁²	741.18	1	741.18	26.73	0.0002
x₂²	1525.91	1	1525.91	55.04	<0.0001
x₃²	1169.69	1	1169.69	42.19	<0.0001
Residual error	360.43	13	27.73
Misfit item	238.45	5	47.69	3.13	0.0739
Pure error	121.98	8	15.25
Total value	5150.50	22

Pattern	61543.31	9	6838.15	67.79	<0.0001
x₁	5469.69	1	5469.69	54.22	<0.0001
x₂	11715.09	1	11715.09	116.14	<0.0001
x₃	34529.98	1	34529.98	342.32	<0.0001
x₁x₂	882.63	1	882.63	8.75	0.0111
x₁x₃	129.36	1	129.36	1.28	0.2779
x₂x₃	4048.65	1	4048.65	40.14	<0.0001
x₁²	484.33	1	484.33	4.80	0.0473
x₂²	693.00	1	693.00	6.87	0.0211
x₃²	3585.71	1	3585.71	35.55	<0.0001
Residual error	1311.33	13	100.87
Misfit item	491.24	5	98.25	0.96	0.4950
Pure error	820.09	8	102.51
Total value	62854.64	22

Testing indicators	Technical procedure and operating requirements	Indicator values
Burying rate of rice straw（%）	≥80	92.2
Surface flatness after rotary tillage（cm）	≤5	3.25
Qualified rate of rotary tillage depth（%）	≥90	93.3
Degree of mixing mud（kg/m³）	≤5	3.41

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China. E-mail: yishujuan_2005@126.com