INFLUENCE OF SEED TUBE CURVATURE ON SEED LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION

Savi, Daniel; Kmiecik, Leonardo L.; Strapasson Neto, Lauro; Silva, Thiago X. da; Jasper, Samir P.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v40n6p732-739/2020

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Scientific Paper, Agricultural Machinery Management • Eng. agríc. (Online) 40 (6) • Nov-Dec 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v40n6p732-739/2020 copy

INFLUENCE OF SEED TUBE CURVATURE ON SEED LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Studies on the longitudinal distribution of seeds in the sowing row seek to improve crop homogeneity, thus generating high productivity. In this context, seed tubes must be analyzed for their angular curvature. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the seed tube curvature on the longitudinal distribution of corn and soybean seeds at different speeds. Two experiments were conducted completely randomized in a double factorial design. The first factor consisted of the seed tube curvature (straight and curved) and the second factor consisted of sowing speeds (1.11, 1.39, and 1.67 m s⁻¹ for corn and 1.39, 1.67, 1.94, and 2.22 m s⁻¹ for soybean), with five replications. The parameters analyzed to measure the longitudinal distribution were the number of seeds per meter, average spacing, double, flawed, and acceptable spacings, coefficient of variation, and precision index. The results were subjected to normality and homogeneity tests of residuals, followed by an analysis of variance and Tukey test, when significant. The curved seed tube showed the highest efficiency in the measured parameters for both corn and soybean. The increase in sowing speed had a negative influence on the evaluated parameters, especially in the soybean crop.

KEYWORDS
Sowing uniformity; productivity; seed drill; performance monitoring; bench experiment

Spacing (%)			Classification
Acceptable	Double	Flawed	Classification
>98.6	<0.7	<0.7	Excellent
>90.4 to 98.6	≥0.7 to <4.8	≥0.7 to <4.8	Good
≥82.3 to ≤90.4	≥4.8 to ≤7.7	≥4.8 to ≤10.0	Regular
<82.3	>7.7	>10.0	Unsatisfactory

Factor		NSM¹ 1 Variables transformed with the Box-Cox tool due to lack of normality. Means followed by the same uppercase letter in each column within each factor do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (P<0.05). F-test for analysis of variance (ANOVA):	SP $\bar{X}$ ¹ 1 Variables transformed with the Box-Cox tool due to lack of normality. Means followed by the same uppercase letter in each column within each factor do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (P<0.05). F-test for analysis of variance (ANOVA): (mm)		Spacing (%)		CV (%)	PI (%)	Classification
Factor				Double	Flawed	Acceptable	CV (%)	PI (%)	Classification
Seed tube
	Curved	17.78 A	56.3 B	6.30 B	7.50 B	86.20 A	38.21 B	22.48 B	Regular
	Straight	15.36 B	65.4 A	16.28 A	22.25 A	61.47 B	62.39 A	26.82 A	Unsatisfactory
Sowing speed
	1.39 m s⁻¹	17.26 A	58.1 C	9.85 B	12.00 C	78.15 A	46.22 C	23.62 B	Unsatisfactory
	1.67 m s⁻¹	16.80 AB	59.8 BC	10.80 AB	14.45 B	74.75 AB	50.16 B	24.73 AB	Unsatisfactory
	1.94 m s⁻¹	16.42 B	61.6 B	12.90 A	16.30 A	70.80 B	51.04 B	24.67 AB	Unsatisfactory
	2.22 m s⁻¹	15.79 C	63.9 A	11.60 AB	16.75 A	71.65 B	53.77 A	25.56 A	Unsatisfactory
F-test
	Seed tube	117.03^ (P<0.01).	113.01^ (P<0.01).	197.11^ (P<0.01).	418.05^ (P<0.01).	420.34^ (P<0.01).	445.86^ (P<0.01).	143.39^ (P<0.01).
	Sowing speed	9.55^ (P<0.01).	9.09^ (P<0.01).	3.30^* * (P<0.05), and	8.96^ (P<0.01).	7.67^ (P<0.01).	7.43^ (P<0.01).	4.81^ (P<0.01).
	Seed tube × speed	2.86^NS NS Not significant,	2.89^NS NS Not significant,	4.05^* * (P<0.05), and	13.51^ (P<0.01).	11.01^ (P<0.01).	9.24^ (P<0.01).	0.43^NS NS Not significant,
CV (%)		2.28	2.51	17.80	13.72	4.62	6.44	1.36
Normality (SW)		0.04	0.05	0.68	0.68	0.54	0.33	0.65
Homogeneity (B₀)		0.77	0.63	0.62	0.18	0.48	0.67	0.99

Factor		NSM¹ 1 Variables transformed with the Box-Cox tool due to lack of normality. Means followed by the same uppercase letter in each column within each factor do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (P<0.05). F-test for analysis of variance (ANOVA):	SP $\bar{X}$ ¹ 1 Variables transformed with the Box-Cox tool due to lack of normality. Means followed by the same uppercase letter in each column within each factor do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (P<0.05). F-test for analysis of variance (ANOVA): (mm)		Spacing (%)		CV (%)	PI (%)	Classification
Factor				Double	Flawed	Acceptable	CV (%)	PI (%)	Classification
Seed tube
	Curved	4.98 A	200.9 B	3.30 B	5.47 B	91.23 A	30.09 B	11.82 B	Regular
	Straight	4.84 B	206.4 A	9.37 A	9.16 A	81.47 B	42.67 A	19.51 A	Unsatisfactory
Sowing speed
	1.11 m s⁻¹	4.96	201.7	6.85	6.40	86.75	36.87	15.17 B	Regular
	1.39 m s⁻¹	4.90	204.3	5.30	7.35	87.35	36.14	15.35 B	Regular
	1.67 m s⁻¹	4.88	204.9	6.85	8.20	84.95	36.15	16.48 A	Regular
F-test
	Seed tube	13.69^ (P<0.01).	12.61^ (P<0.01).	40.10^ (P<0.01).	33.70^ (P<0.01).	58.41^ (P<0.01).	66.07^ (P<0.01).	323.45^ (P<0.01).
	Sowing speed	2.11^NS NS Not significant,	1.66^NS NS Not significant,	1.16^NS NS Not significant,	2.66^NS NS Not significant,	1.27^NS NS Not significant,	0.10^NS NS Not significant,	3.64^* * (P<0.05), and
	Seed tube × speed	0.63^NS NS Not significant,	0.66^NS NS Not significant,	8.833^ (P<0.01).	4.01^* * (P<0.05), and	9.97^ (P<0.01).	7.07^ (P<0.01).	3.83^* * (P<0.05), and
CV (%)		1.81	1.85	37.05	21.34	3.62	10.42	1.24
Normality (SW)		0.12	0.17	0.79	0.88	0.71	0.69	0.60
Homogeneity (B₀)		0.95	0.98	0.04	0.88	0.12	0.38	0.71

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author. Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR/ Curitiba - PR, Brasil. E-mail: daniel.savi98@gmail.com