SOIL-LANDSCAPE RELATIONSHIP IN A WATERSHED LOCATED ON PLEISTOCENIC TERRACES AND FLUVIO-LAGUNARIAN SEDIMENTS IN MUNICIPALITY OF RECIFE, BRAZIL

Caldas, Anildo M.; Rolim Neto, Fernando C.; Parahyba, Roberto da Boa Viagem; Corrêa, Marcus M.; Rodrigues, Adriana de C. F.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n4e20230147/2023

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Scientific Paper • Eng. agríc. 43 (4) • Jun-Jul 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n4e20230147/2023 copy

SOIL-LANDSCAPE RELATIONSHIP IN A WATERSHED LOCATED ON PLEISTOCENIC TERRACES AND FLUVIO-LAGUNARIAN SEDIMENTS IN MUNICIPALITY OF RECIFE, BRAZIL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In the Prata watershed there are units corresponding to the Pleistocene Terraces and the Fluvium-Lagoon Sediments. This watershed is inserted almost entirely in the area of plateaus (Tabuleiros) with altitudes of 10 to 100 meters, and in areas with altitudes of 2 to 10 meters in the area of floodplains and fluvio-lagoon terraces. The present work aimed to characterize and classify soils in the Brazilian Soil Classification System - SiBCS and correlate them with the IUSS Working Group WRB-FAO (in parentheses), besides evidence some soil-landscape relations, that occur in Pleistocene terraces and fluvium-lagoon sediments in the Prata watershed, located in the ecological reserve of Dois Irmãos State Park in Recife – PE, Brazil. Soil samples were used to perform physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis in laboratory. Watershed delimitation, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), slope map, soil map and slope x soil map were obtained and studied. The soils are quite acidic and have a very low natural fertility, with the Latossolos (Ferralsols) predominating in the landscape. The silt and clay fractions of the studied Argissolos (Acrisols) and Latossolos (Ferralsols) presented quartz and kaolinite as the main component. In the profile of Neossolo Quartzarênico (Arenosols) only quartz was identified as a component of the silt and clay fractions. The kaolinitic mineralogy of the clay fraction is consistent with the environment of its formation, that is, hot and humid. There is no relationship between the colors of soils and their exposure to the sun on the slopes where they occur. The occurrence of a sandy and whitish horizon between the litter and the A horizon, is not foreseen in the norms and criteria adopted in the Brazilian Soil Classification System - SiBCS.

SiBCS; Ferralsols; Barreiras group; soil map

Horizon and depth (cm)		Soil color (wet)		Sand	Silt	Clay	CDW	Texture	Silt	DS	DP
Horizon and depth (cm)		Soil color (wet)		Sand	Silt	Clay	CDW	Texture	Clay	DS	DP
				------------------g/Kg-----------------						g/cm ³
Profile 1 - ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrófico típico* (Humic Clayic Xanthic Acrisol**)
A	0-19	Very dark grayish brown	10YR 3/2	561	70	369	9.0	Sandy clay	0.19	1.15	2.41
BA	19-38	Dark yellowish brown	10 YR 3/4	442	40	518	0.0	Sandy clay	0.08	1.12	2.44
Bt1	38-76	Dark yellowish brown	10 YR 4/6	382	20	598	0.0	Clay	0.03	1.15	2.47
Bt2	76-142	Dark yellowish brown	10 YR 4/6	395	17	588	0.0	Clay	0.03	1.23	2.50
Bt3	142-180+	Strong brown	7.5 YR 4/6	402	30	568	3.0	Clay	0.05	1.24	2.50
Profile 2 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico típico* (Humic Dystric Loamic Xanthic Ferralsol**)
A1	0 – 20	Very dark brown	10 YR 2/2	861	40	99	2.0	Loamy sand	0.40	1.36	2.44
A2	20 – 60	Very dark grayish brown	10 YR 3/2	841	10	149	2.0	Loamy sand	0.07	1.38	2.41
AB	60 – 100	Dark yellowish brown	10 YR 4/4	771	45	184	0.0	Loamy sand	0.24	1.42	2.50
Bw1	100 – 160	Yellowish brown	10 YR 5/4	788	34	178	0.0	Sandy loam	0.19	1.34	2.41
Bw2	160 – 200+	Yellowish brown	10 YR 5/4	791	30	179	0.0	Sandy loam	0.17	1.40	2.44
Profile 3 – NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico* (Hydrophobic Ochric Dystric Arenosol**)
A	0-26	Dark grayish brown	10 YR 4/2	951	10	39	0.0	Sand	0.26	1.43	2.44
C1	26-80	Dark grayish brown	10 YR 4/2	926	35	39	0.0	Sand	0.90	1.57	2.63
C2	80-140	Light brownish gray	10 YR 6/2	931	40	29	0.0	Sand	1.39	1.60	2.47
C3	140-180+	Gray	10 YR 6/1	941	25	34	4.0	Sand	0.74	1.65	2.47
Profile 4 - ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrocoeso típico* (Humic Densic Xanthic Acrisol**)
A	0-15	Very dark grayish brown	10 YR 3/2	811	30	159	3.5	Sandy loam	0.19	1.19	2.38
BA	15-36	Dark yellowish brown	10 YR 3/4	711	70	219	0.0	Sandy clay loam	0.32	1.20	2.44
Bt1	36-77	Dark yellowish brown	10 YR 4/6	651	50	299	0.0	Sandy clay loam	0.17	1.22	2.47
Bt2	77-115	Yellowish brown	10 YR 5/8	657	34	309	0.0	Sandy clay loam	0.11	1.20	2.47
Bt3	115-168+	Yellowish brown	10 YR 5/8	622	60	318	0.0	Sandy clay loam	0.19	1.29	2.41
Profile 5 - ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO Distrófico típico* (Clayic Rhodic Acrisol**)
A	0-15	Dark brown	7.5 YR 3/3	711	50	239	0.0	Sandy clay loam	0.21	1.18	2.41
Bt1	15-38	Brown	7.5 YR 4/4	455	47	498	0.0	Sandy clay	0.09	1.13	2.44
Bt2	38-88	Strong brown	7.5 YR 4/6	382	40	578	0.0	Clay	0.07	1.13	2.47
Bt3	88-155+	Dark red	2.5 YR 3/6	405	55	540	0.0	Clay	0.10	1.22	2.50
Profile 6 – GLEISSOLO MELÂNICO Tb Distrófico* (Arenic Dystric Histic Gleysol**)
A	0 – 15	Black	10 YR 2/1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
A2	15 – 40	Very dark grayish brown	10 YR 3/2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cg1	40 – 60	Grayish brown	10 YR 5/2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cg2	60 – 80	Olive brown	2.5 Y 4/2	863	41	96	-	Loamy sand	0.43	1.44	2.60
Cg3	80 – 90 +	Olive brown	2.5 Y 4/2	829	25	146	-	Loamy sand	0.17	1.56	2.53

Horizons	pH		∆ pH	Na ⁺	Ca ²⁺	Mg ²⁺	K ⁺	Al ³⁺	H ⁺	SB	t	CEC	m	V	S.Na ⁺	OC	N	O.M	C/N	CE	P
Horizons	H ₂ O	KCl	∆ pH	Na ⁺	Ca ²⁺	Mg ²⁺	K ⁺	Al ³⁺	H ⁺	SB	t	CEC	m	V	S.Na ⁺	OC	N	O.M	C/N	CE	P
				------------------(cmol _c /dm ³ ) --------------------									----------%-----------				---g/Kg---			dS/m	mg/dm ³
*Profile 1 - ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrófico típico (Humic Clayic Xanthic Acrisol)
A	4.00	3.50	0.5	0.0	0.61	0.71	0.05	1.83	6.86	1.37	3.20	10.06	57.19	14.0	0.0	5.50	0.40	9.48	13.7	0.39	3
BA	4.20	3.80	-0.4	0.0	0.41	0.20	0.02	1.45	3.83	0.63	2.08	5.91	69.71	11.0	0.0	3.00	0.40	5.17	7.5	0.21	2
Bt1	4.30	3.90	-0.4	0.06	0.61	0.51	0.02	1.05	2.69	1.20	2.25	4.93	46.88	24.0	1.22	1.20	0.30	2.07	4.0	0.21	2
Bt2	4.30	3.80	-0.5	0.0	0.31	0.20	0.0	1.07	1.90	0.51	1.58	3.48	67.72	15.0	0.0	0.50	0.20	0.86	2.5	0.16	1
Bt3	4.50	4.00	-0.5	0.0	0.51	0.31	0.0	0.62	2.02	0.82	1.44	3.45	43.36	23.0	0.0	0.20	0.10	0.34	2.0	0.17	1
*Profile 2 - LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico típico (Humic Dystric Loamic Xanthic Ferrasol)
A1	4.40	3.60	-0.8	0.0	0.41	0.20	0.03	0.80	3.71	0.64	1.44	5.15	55.56	12.0	0.0	3.60	0.40	6.21	9.0	0.32	4
A2	4.60	4.00	-0.6	0.0	0.31	0.20	0.02	0.75	3.10	0.53	1.28	4.38	58.59	12.0	0.0	1.80	0.30	3.10	6.0	0.25	2
AB	4.70	4.30	-0.4	0.0	0.41	0.20	0.02	0.60	2.15	0.63	1.23	3.38	48.78	19.0	0.0	1.00	0.20	1.72	5.0	0.18	2
Bw1	4.60	4.40	-0.2	0.0	0.41	0.20	0.0	0.40	2.13	0.61	1.01	3.14	39.6	19.0	0.0	0.30	0.10	0.52	3.0	0.21	1
Bw2	4.70	4.50	-0.2	0.0	0.31	0.10	0.0	0.30	2.34	0.41	0.71	3.05	42.25	13.0	0.0	0.10	0.10	0.17	1.0	0.31	2
*Profile 3 – NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico (Hydrophobic Ochric Dystric Arenosol)
A	4.20	3.90	-0.3	0.0	0.41	0.20	0.0	0.32	2.54	0.61	0.93	3.47	34.41	18.0	0.0	0.70	0.20	1.21	3.5	0.23	4
C1	5.10	4.20	-0.9	0.0	0.20	0.20	0.0	0.21	0.56	0.40	0.61	1.18	33.87	35.0	0.0	0.40	0.10	0.69	4.0	0.23	2
C2	5.80	4.70	-1.1	0.0	0.31	0.20	0.0	0.01	0.43	0.51	0.52	0.95	1.92	54.0	0.0	0.20	0.10	0.34	2.0	0.25	2
C3	6.00	5.10	-0.9	0.0	0.20	0.20	0.0	0.0	0.33	0.40	0.40	0.74	0.0	55.0	0.0	0.10	0.10	0.17	1.0	0.23	1
*Profile 4 - ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrocoeso típico (Humic Densic Xanthic Acrisol)
A	3.70	3.00	-0.7	0.11	0.51	0.20	0.06	2.28	8.39	0.88	3.16	11.56	71.92	8.0	0.95	6.70	0.40	11.55	16.7	0.35	4
BA	4.00	3.40	-0.6	0.06	0.61	0.31	0.03	1.78	6.36	1.01	2.79	9.14	64.03	11.0	0.66	1.70	0.30	2.93	5.6	0.28	2
Bt1	4.50	4.00	-0.5	0.0	0.41	0.20	0.02	1.14	2.82	0.63	1.77	4.59	64.41	14.0	0.0	1.00	0.20	1.72	5.0	0.21	1
Bt2	4.50	4.20	-0.3	0.0	0.41	0.10	0.0	0.68	1.74	0.51	1.19	2.93	57.14	17.0	0.0	0.60	0.20	1.03	3.0	0.17	1
Bt3	4.60	4.20	-0.4	0.0	0.31	0.20	0.0	0.59	1.28	0.51	1.10	2.38	53.64	21.0	0.0	0.20	0.10	0.34	2.0	0.18	<1
*Profile 5 - ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO Distrófico típico (Clayic Rhodic Acrisol)
A	4.40	4.80	0.4	0.06	0.71	0.20	0.05	1.85	6.84	1.02	2.87	9.71	64.46	11.0	0.62	5.10	0.40	8.79	12.7	0.38	2
Bt1	0.11	0.10	-0.01	0.06	0.71	0.20	0.03	1.50	3.67	1.00	2.50	6.17	60.0	16.0	0.97	1.40	0.20	2.41	7.0	0.14	1
Bt2	4.20	4.50	0.3	0.0	0.61	0.31	0.0	1.10	1.87	0.92	2.02	3.89	54.46	24.0	0.0	0.30	0.10	0.52	3.0	0.11	1
Bt3	3.80	4.00	0.2	0.0	0.61	0.10	0.0	0.73	1.36	0.71	1.44	2.80	50.69	25.0	0.0	0.10	0.10	0.17	1.0	0.10	1
*Profile 6 – GLEISSOLO MELÂNICO Tb Distrófico (Arenic Dystric Histic Gleysol)**
A	5.4	5.0	-0.4	16.17	8.80	5.36	0.31	0.37	11.51	16.17	16.54	28.05	2.24	58	6.06	80.40	7.10	138.61	11.32	1.01	57
A2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cg1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cg 2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cg 3	5.3	4.7	-0.6	0.06	0.81	0.30	0.01	0.33	3.41	1.19	1.52	4.93	21.71	24	1.22	14	1.10	24.14	12.73	0.25	5

Mapping units	Areas

	Occurrence	*m ²	**ha	%
Water bodies	4	225,686.97	22.56	12.16
LA1	4	73,955.74	7.40	3.99
LA2	1	670,500.95	67.05	36.13
LA3	1	153,886.24	15.39	8.29
LA4	2	26,044.80	2.60	1.40
LA5	1	69,464.16	6.95	3.74
PA1	2	136,636.70	13.66	7.36
PA2	2	21,054.90	2.11	1.13
PA3	1	15,698.37	1.57	0.85
PVA	1	195,018.84	19.50	10.51
RQ	1	58,670.68	5.87	3.16
TT	1	209,217.46	20.92	11.28
Total	21	1,855,835.86	185.58	100

Soil Types	Areas

	*ha	% do total da área
Latossolo Amarelo (Xanthic Ferralsols)	71.56	38.56
Argissolo Amarelo (Xanthic Acrisols)	50.33	27.12
Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Rhodic Acrisols)	16.11	8.68
Neossolo Quartzarênico (Arenosols)	4.11	2.21
Gleissolo Melânico (Gleysols)	3.14	1.69

Types of relief	Slope classes	Areas

		*m ²	**ha	%
Flat	0 – 3	257,200	25.72	14.05
Smooth wavy	3 – 8	162,000	16.20	8.85
Wavy	8 – 20	474,800	47.48	25.94
Strong Wavy	20 – 45	856,800	85.68	46.81
Mountain	45 – 75	79,600	7.96	4.35
Total	–	1,830,400	183.04	100

Mapping Units	Slope classes (%)

	0 – 3		3 – 8		8 – 20		20 – 45		45 – 75

	ha*	%**	ha*	%**	ha*	%**	ha*	%**	ha*	%**
LA	0.32	0.33	3.48	3.51	30.68	30.89	59.68	60.06	4.56	5.21
PA	0.16	2.65	1.00	7.50	4.64	28.49	9.68	57.55	0.36	3.81
PVA	0.04	0.65	0.36	2.33	4.16	21.81	11.64	60.17	2.84	15.04
RQ	0.24	8.13	1.40	12.26	2.72	50.36	1.48	29.25	0.00	0.00
TT	7.64	36.52	7.76	37.09	3.52	16.83	1.80	8.60	0.20	0.96

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] 1* Corresponding author. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/Recife - PE, Brazil. E-mail: monteiro.dtr.ufrpe@gmail.com