THE MINERAL industry of Brazil is briefly analysed vis-à-vis the challenges imposed by the cruenta globalization process. The profound changes that occurred in the international framework during the last decade, encompassing the political, economic, social, and institutional structures, demand a thorough appraisal about the role to be played by Brazil in the international market of mineral commodities. On one hand, the opportunities open for world class deposits, mainly in the Amazon, are very promising. On the other hand, it is mandatory to take into account that: the exploitation of these reserves shall comply with sound sustainability criteria, following guidelines already adopted by some developed countries; Brazil will have to demonstrate its competitiveness among the major competitors (Australia, China, CIS and India). The issue of strategic minerals is also discussed, giving emphasis to the concerns raised by the U.S. Department of State. Finally, three possible scenarios pointing to the future behavior of the mineral industry of Brazil are highlighted, and the government is solicited to give special consideration to our mineral resources.
