Incidence of memory complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: findings from PAMPA cohort

Feter, Natan; Caputo, Eduardo Lucia; Leite, Jayne Santos; Delpino, Felipe Mendes; Cassuriaga, Júlia; Silva, Carine Nascimento da; Silva, Marcelo Cozzensa da; Reichert, Felipe Fossati; Rombaldi, Airton José

doi:10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0072

Natan Feter Correspondence: Natan Feter; Email: natanfeter@hotmail.com.

conceptualization

data curation

methodology

writing – original draft

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Escola Superior de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Pelotas RS, Brazil.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-9792

Eduardo Lucia Caputo

conceptualization

methodology

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Escola Superior de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Pelotas RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-9308

Jayne Santos Leite

conceptualization

methodology

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4612-7301

Felipe Mendes Delpino

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Pelotas RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-3246

Júlia Cassuriaga

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Escola Superior de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Pelotas RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-6774

Carine Nascimento da Silva

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Rio Grande RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-5291

Marcelo Cozzensa da Silva

conceptualization

methodology

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Escola Superior de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Pelotas RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2336-7131

Felipe Fossati Reichert

conceptualization

methodology

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Escola Superior de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Pelotas RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0951-9875

Airton José Rombaldi

conceptualization

methodology

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Escola Superior de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Pelotas RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-814X

Correspondence: Natan Feter; Email: natanfeter@hotmail.com.

Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

		Total sample (n=854)	Incident memory complaint		p-value
		Total sample (n=854)	No (n=362)	Yes (n=492)	p-value
Demographic
Sex
	Male	21.4 (18.7–24.2)	56.0 (48.7–63.1)	44.0 (36.9–51.3)	<0.001^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Female	78.6 (75.8–81.3)	38.7 (35.0–42.4)	61.3 (57.6–65.0)
Age, years
	30 or younger	38.9 (35.7–42.2)	35.8 (30.9–41.2)	64.2 (58.8–69.1)	<0.001^† † Linear trend test.
	31–59	52.5 (49.1–55.8)	44.9 (40.3–49.5)	55.1 (50.5–59.7)
	60 or older	8.7 (7.0–10.8)	56.8 (45.2–67.6)	43.2 (32.4–54.8)
Educational achievement
	High school or lower	30.0 (27.0–33.1)	39.5 (33.6–45.6)	60.5 (54.4–66.4)	0.256^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	University degree or higher	70.0 (66.9–73.0)	43.6 (39.7–47.7)	56.4 (52.3–60.3)
Skin color
	White	91.1 (89.0–92.8)	41.7 (38.3–45.2)	58.3 (54.8–61.7)	0.239^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Mixed	5.2 (3.9–6.9)	47.7 (33.4–62.4)	52.3 (37.5–66.6)
	Black	3.4 (2.4–4.9)	48.3 (30.7–66.2)	51.7 (33.8–69.3)
	Other^‡ ‡ Insufficient number of observations to calculate 95%CI.	0.4 (0.1–1.1)	n=2	n=1
Conjugal status
	With partner	60.4 (57.1–63.7)	44.6 (40.3–48.9)	55.4 (51.1–59.7)	0.110^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Living alone	39.6 (36.3–42.9)	39.1 (34.0–44.4)	60.9 (55.6–66.0)
COVID-19 pandemic-related
Reduced monthly income
	No	55.9 (52.5–59.2)	46.5 (42.1–51.0)	53.5 (49.0–57.9)	0.006^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	44.1 (40.8–47.5)	37.1 (32.4–42.1)	62.9 (57.9–67.6)
Daily routine
	At home most of the time	6.6 (5.1–8.4)	35.7 (24.2–49.1)	64.3 (50.9–75.8)	0.407^† † Linear trend test.
	Left home only to essentials	66.7 (63.5–69.8)	41.9 (37.9–46.0)	58.1 (54.0–62.1)
	Left home all days	26.7 (23.8–29.8)	45.2 (38.8–51.7)	54.8 (48.3–61.2)
Chronic conditions
Hypertension
	No	86.1 (83.6–88.2)	42.4 (38.9–46.1)	57.6 (53.9–61.1)	0.929^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	13.9 (11.8–16.4)	42.0 (33.4–51.1)	58.0 (48.9–66.6)
Diabetes
	No	96.1 (94.6–97.2)	42.8 (39.4–46.2)	57.2 (53.8–60.6)	0.283^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	3.9 (2.8–5.4)	33.3 (19.3–51.1)	66.7 (48.9–80.7)
Depression
	No	79.7 (76.9–82.3)	44.3 (40.6–48.1)	55.7 (51.9–59.4)	0.002^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	20.3 (17.7–23.1)	34.7 (27.9–42.1)	65.3 (57.9–72.1)
High cholesterol
	No	88.6 (86.3–90.6)	41.9 (38.4–45.4)	58.1 (54.6–61.6)	0.397^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	11.4 (9.4–13.7)	46.4 (36.7–56.4)	53.6 (43.6–63.3)
Other
	No	78.9 (76.1–81.5)	42.6 (38.9–46.4)	57.4 (53.6–61.1)	0.825^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	21.1 (18.5–23.9)	41.7 (34.7–49.0)	58.3 (51.0–65.3)
Psychiatric symptoms
Worsened anxiety symptoms
	No	51.1 (47.7–54.4)	66.3 (61.2–71.0)	39.8 (35.6–44.2)	<0.001^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	49.9 (45.6–52.3)	33.7 (29.0–38.7)	60.2 (55.7–64.4)
Worsened depressive symptoms
	No	69.3 (65.8–72.5)	74.9 (69.9–79.2)	64.4 (59.5–69.1)	0.002^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	30.7 (27.5–34.2)	25.1 (20.8–30.1)	35.6 (30.9–40.5)
Lack of access to prescribed medicine during the pandemic
	No	27.8 (24.8–30.9)	44.7 (38.5–51.1)	55.3 (48.9–61.5)	0.010^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Yes	6.2 (4.8–8.0)	22.6 (13.2–36.0)	77.4 (64.0–86.8)
	No regular use of medicine		43.3 (39.2–47.4)	56.7 (52.6–60.8)
Nutritional
Body mass index
	Normal	44.9 (41.6–48.3)	39.3 (34.5–44.3)	60.7 (55.7–65.5)	0.269^† † Linear trend test.
	Overweight	34.9 (31.8–38.2)	43.8 (38.2–49.5)	56.2 (50.5–61.8)
	Obese	20.2 (17.6–23.1)	45.9 (38.6–53.4)	54.1 (46.6–61.4)
Behavioral
Physical activity at baseline
	Inactive	73.8 (70.7–76.6)	39.2 (35.5–43.1)	60.8 (56.9–64.5)	0.002^* * Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
	Active	26.2 (23.4–29.3)	51.3 (44.8–57.8)	48.7 (42.2–55.2)

		Model 1 HR (95%CI)^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	p-value	Model 2 HR (95%CI)^† † p for linear trend.	p-value	Model 3 HR (95%CI)^† † p for linear trend.	p-value	Model 4 HR (95%CI)^† † p for linear trend.	p-value	Model 5 HR (95%CI)^† † p for linear trend.	p-value
Demographic
Sex
	Male (ref)	1.00	0.002 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	0.003 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	0.002 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	0.006 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	0.002
	Female	1.58 (1.24–2.00)	0.002 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.50 (1.16–1.93)	0.003 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.49 (1.16–1.93)	0.002 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.49 (1.12–1.97)	0.006 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.49 (1.16–1.94)	0.002
Age, years
	30 or younger	1.84 (1.22–2.77)	0.001†	1.70 (1.13–2.57)	0.004†	1.60 (1.05–2.46)	0.017†	1.27 (0.81–1.99)	0.069^† † p for linear trend.	1.39 (0.90–2.14)	0.051^† † p for linear trend.
	31–59	1.45 (0.97–2.18)		1.39 (0.93–2.09)		1.35 (0.89–2.04)		1.02 (0.66–1.57)		1.17 (0.77–1.78)
	60 or older (ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Educational achievement
	High school or lower (ref)	1.00	0.278^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	University degree or higher	0.90 (0.75–1.09)	0.278^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
Skin color
	White (ref)	1.00	0.802^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Black	0.87 (0.57–1.32)
	Mixed	0.89 (0.53–1.48)
	Other	0.54 (0.08–3.87)
Conjugal status
	Living alone (ref)	1.00	0.113	1.00	0.389^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	With partner	1.16 (0.97–1.38)	0.113	1.09 (0.90–1.33)	0.389^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
COVID-19 pandemic-related
Reduced monthly income
	No (ref)	1.00	0.002 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;			1.00	0.038 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	0.149^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	0.144^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	1.23 (1.03–1.47)	0.002 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;			1.22 (1.01–1.47)	0.038 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.15 (0.95–1.39)	0.149^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.15 (0.95–1.39)	0.144^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
Daily routine
	At home most of the time (ref)	1.00	0.541^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Left home only to essentials	0.88 (0.62–1.24)
	Left home all days	0.82 (0.56–1.18)
Lack of access to prescribed medicine during the pandemic
	No	1.00	0.010 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;			1.00	0.037 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	0.037 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	0.023 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	1.73 (1.20–2.49)				1.54 (1.06–2.23)		1.55 (1.07–2.25)		1.54 (1.06–2.23)
	No regular use of medicine	1.10 (0.89–1.37)				1.00 (0.79–1.25)		1.00 (0.80–1.26)		1.03 (0.82–1.29)
Chronic conditions
Hypertension
	No	1.00	0.864^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	1.02 (0.79–1.33)	0.864^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
Diabetes
	No	1.00	0.223^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	1.31 (0.85–2.00)	0.223^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
Depression
	No	1.00	0.015 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;					1.00	0.250^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	1.31 (1.06–1.64)	0.015 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;					1.16 (0.90–1.50)	0.250^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
High cholesterol
	No	1.00	0.596^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	0.92 (0.68–1.24)	0.596^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
Other
	No	1.00	0.777^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	0.97 (0.76–1.22)	0.777^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
Psychiatric symptoms
Worsened anxiety symptoms
	No	1.00	<0.001 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;					1.00	<0.001 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.00	<0.001 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	1.97 (1.62–2.38)	<0.001 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;					1.84 (1.51–2.25)	<0.001 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;	1.81 (1.49–2.21)	<0.001 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
Worsened depressive symptoms
	No	1.00	<0.001 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;					1.00	0.315^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
	Yes	1.41 (1.13–1.75)	<0.001 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;					1.13 (0.89–1.43)	0.315^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;
Nutritional
Body mass index
	Normal	1.00	0.241^† † p for linear trend.
	Overweight	0.90 (0.73–1.09)
	Obese	0.88 (0.69–1.12)
Behavioral
Physical activity at baseline
	Inactive	1.00	0.009 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;							1.00	0.018 ^† † p for linear trend.
	Active	0.75 (0.60–0.93)	0.009 ^* * p<0.05 compared to the reference group;							0.65 (0.57–0.74)	0.018 ^† † p for linear trend.

		HR (95%CI)	p-value
Demographic
Sex
	Male (ref)	1.00	0.170
	Female	1.25 (0.91–1.72)	0.170
Age, years
	30 or younger	1.44 (0.82–2.52)	0.163
	31–59	1.27 (0.74–2.19)
	60 or older (ref)	1.00
COVID-19 pandemic-related
Reduced monthly income
	No (ref)	1.00	0.192
	Yes	1.17 (0.92–1.50)	0.192
Lack of access to prescribed medicine during the pandemic
	No	1.00	0.095
	Yes	1.88 (1.20–2.94)
	No regular use of medicine	1.08 (0.81–1.45)
Psychiatric symptoms
Worsened anxiety symptoms
	No	1.00	0.031
	Yes	1.63 (1.05–2.54)	0.031
Behavioral
Physical activity at baseline
	Inactive	1.00	0.034
	Active	0.72 (0.54–0.98)	0.034

[1] Correspondence: Natan Feter; Email: natanfeter@hotmail.com.

Brasil

Brasil

Incidence of memory complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: findings from PAMPA cohort

Incidência de queixas de memória durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no sul do Brasil: dados da coorte PAMPA

ABSTRACT.

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: