Sociodemographic factors associated with public knowledge of dementia in a Cuban population

Fernández-Fleites, Zoylen; Broche-Pérez, Yunier; Eccleston, Claire; Jiménez-Puig, Elizabeth; Castillo, Evelyn Fernández

doi:10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-040008

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Dementia & Neuropsychologia

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Original Article • Dement. neuropsychol. 15 (04) • Oct-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-040008 copy

Sociodemographic factors associated with public knowledge of dementia in a Cuban population

Fatores sociodemográficos associados ao conhecimento público sobre demência em uma população cubana

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

International organizations estimate that a new dementia is diagnosed every 3 s.

Objectives:

To explore the knowledge and beliefs among a cross-section of the adult population of Cuba with regard to dementia risk factors and to determine the demographic variables related with it. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1,004 Cubans.

Methods:

The survey measured the importance placed on dementia, risk reduction knowledge, and the actions to prevent it. Logistic regression was undertaken to identify variables associated with knowledge.

Results:

Many respondents (47.5%) believe that dementia risk reduction should start before the age of 40. Cognitive stimulation and physical activities were selected with major frequency. Being older than 48 years, having previous contact with dementia, and university education increases the probability of having healthy lifestyles.

Conclusions:

The exploration of demographic variables allows the prediction of likelihood to know about or have positive beliefs in relation to dementia. They should be contemplated into strategies for dementia prevention in Cuban population.

Keywords:
dementia; disease prevention; knowledge; health behaviors; public health; Cuban

Characteristics	Value (%)
Mean age (SD)	41.40 (17.7)
Age groups
<27 years	311 (31.0)
28–47 years	307 (30.6)
>48 years	386 (38.4)
Gender*
Women	556 (55.4)
Men	446 (44.4)
Education level**
Primary school	20 (2.0)
Secondary school	129 (12.8)
Pre-university studies	502 (50.0)
University	325 (32.4)
Work status***
Employed	662 (65.9)
Retired	172 (17.1)
Student	70 (7.0)
Home duties	30 (3.0)
Contact with people with dementia****
Yes	591 (58.9)
No	396 (39.4)

	Health issue	Dementia risk reduction					Best age to start prevention
	Health issue	Definitely it can	I think it can	I don’t know	I think it can’t	Definitely it can’t	<40 years	40–59 years	>60 years
Total*	31.7	62.4	2.4	25.5	1.1	8.7	47.5	35.0	17.3
Gender
Women	31.8	63.1	2.9	25.5	1.3	7.2	47.9	36.9	15.1
Men	32.2	61.2	1.8	25.6	0.9	10.5	47.4	32.6	20.0
Age group
<27 years	27.3**	59.5*	3.2*	27.0*	2.3*	8.0*	59.4***	26.1***	14.5***
27–48 years	27.7**	61.9*	2.3*	29.0*	0.0*	6.8*	51.3***	35.9***	12.7***
>48 years	38.3**	65.0*	1.8*	21.5*	1.0*	10.6*	35.2***	41.5***	23.3***
Education level
Primary school	45.0*	40.0	0.0	25.0	5.0	30.0	20.0***	40.0***	40.0***
Secondary school	29.5*	48.1	3.1	34.9	0.8	13.2	34.1***	38.8***	27.1***
Pre-university studies	27.7*	62.9	3.4	24.1	1.4	8.2	49.0***	34.2***	16.8***
University	36.9*	70.8	0.6	22.2	0.6	5.8	51.4***	35.4***	13.2***
Contact with people with dementia
Yes	37.2***	66.8**	1.5**	22.8**	1.0**	7.8**	52.4***	33.2***	14.4***
No	23.7***	56.6**	3.0**	29.0**	1.3**	10.1**	40.0***	38.0***	22.0***

	MA	SA	PA	HD	AC	DS	CLA	QS	BP	CH	VT
Total^a	62.9	32.8	46.7	43.2	36.7	29.6	4.4	30.7	17.2	14.1	14.8
Gender
Women	64.2	32.9	48.7	45.1	34.9	27.0*	5.2	31.3	15.3	12.4	17.6**
Men	61.4	32.7	44.2	41.0	39.0	33.0*	3.1	29.8	19.5	16.1	11.3**
Age group
<27 years	68.5*	30.9	38.6**	34.4**	33.1	22.5**	3.9	27.0	12.5*	10.0*	14.2
27–48 years	63.5*	31.6	51.5**	46.9**	39.7	33.6**	3.9	34.2	16.0*	12.7*	14.1
>48 years	58.0*	35.2	49.5**	47.4**	37.0	32.1**	5.2	30.8	22.0*	18.7*	16.1
Education level
Primary school	35.0***	15.0**	30.0***	30.0***	20.0	20.0	15.0*	15.0**	20.0	5.0*	10.0
Secondary school	48.1***	27.1**	32.6***	34.9***	33.3	27.1	7.0*	22.5**	13.2	9.3*	14.7
Pre-university studies	64.3***	30.3**	42.4***	38.4***	37.1	30.5	3.4*	28.3**	17.3	12.7*	14.5
University	69.2***	41.8**	59.7***	55.1***	38.8	29.8	3.7*	37.5**	18.2	19.1*	15.2
Contact with dementia
Yes	67.7**	37.4**	50.1*	46.5*	37.1	29.9	4.6	35.4**	19.5	16.6*	17.5*
No	56.8**	26.8**	42.2*	38.4*	35.9	28.8	4.0	24.5**	14.1	10.6*	11.1*
Total^a	55.4	31.7	34.5	29.0	29.6	27.2	3.5	19.4	13.5	12.3	10.8
Gender
Women	58.3	33.5	30.9**	31.7	30.4	28.5	4.5	20.9	13.3	11.3	11.3
Men	52.8	29.7	39.8**	26.1	28.6	25.9	2.2	17.8	13.7	13.5	10.1
Age group
<27 years	56.6	28.3*	35.7	20.9**	23.5**	21.3**	4.5	16.7	6.8***	6.8***	8.4
27–48 years	54.6	28.1*	35.9	33.3**	29.4**	27.2**	2.3.	19.9	11.4***	10.8***	10.8
>48 years	56.2	37.3*	33.2	32.5**	34.7**	32.1**	3.6	21.3	20.7***	17.9***	12.7
Education level
Primary school	35.0***	20.0**	30.0*	25.0***	20.0*	20.0	20.0	21.1	0.0	5.00**	0.0
Secondary school	39.5***	26.4**	25.6*	19.4***	22.5*	24.0	3.9	12.4	13.2	10.9**	9.3
Pre-university studies	56.5***	28.9**	33.7*	25.0***	28.8*	25.9	3.8	18.8	13.8	10.0**	9.8
University	63.7***	39.7**	40.9*	40.3***	34.8*	31.1	1.5	22.8	13.8	17.2**	12.9
Contact with dementia
Yes	58.3	37.3***	38.0*	30.6	30.7	28.7	2.9	22.6*	15.6	13.2	12.5
No	52.8	24.2***	30.1*	26.5	28.1	24.8	4.0	15.4*	10.9	10.9	8.3

	Dementia rated as important		Believe risk can be reduced		Dementia risk reduction behaviors
	Dementia rated as important		Believe risk can be reduced		MA		SA		FA		HD
	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Age group
<27 years
27–48 years	-0.87	0.59–1.27			0.70	0.49–1.01			1.33	0.94–1.9	1.32	0.93–1.88
>48 years	1.53*	1.08–2.16			0.66*	0.47–0.93			1.67**	1.2–2.3	1.70**	1.23–2.37
Education level
Primary school
Secondary school					1.51	0.55–4.11	2.08	0.57–7.61	1.15	0.40–3.26	1.39	0.49–3.93
Pre-university studies					2.61	0.99–6.90	2.37	0.68–8.27	2.07	0.76–5.65	1.76	0.64–4.79
University					3.52*	1.31–9.42	3.70*	1.05–13.0	3.72*	1.35–10.25	3.08*	1.12–8.46
Contact with dementia
Yes
No	−0.58***	0.44–0.78	−0.65**	0.50–0.84	−0.66**	0.50–0.87	−0.63**	0.48–0.84

	MA		SA		FA		HD		LAC		NS
	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Gender
Women
Men					1.44**	1.10–1.88
Age group
<27 years
27–48 years			0.81	0.56–1.19			1.51**	1.03–2.22	1.21	0.83–1.78	1.35	0.93–1.96
>48 years			1.46**	1.03–2.06			1.84**	1.28–2.66	1.90***	1.33–2.70	1.71**	1.21–2.42
Education level
Primary school
Secondary school	1.23	0.46–3.29	1.56	0.48–5.10
Pre-university studies	2.44	0.96–6.23	2.09	0.67–6.54
University	3.24*	1.26–8.35	3.21*	1.02–10.12
Contact with dementia
Yes
No					−0.69**	0.52–0.91

	95%CI
	Inf.	OR	Sup.
40–59 years old vs. younger than 40 years^a
Age group
<27 years	0.25	−0.36***	0.54
27–48 years	0.44	−0.64*	0.94
>48 years
Contact with dementia
Yes	0.46	−0.63**	0.87
No

After 60 years old vs. before 40 years old^a
Age group
<27 years	0.22	−0.36**	0.58
27–48 years	0.28	−0.46**	0.75
>48 years
Education level
Primary school	1.18	4.55*	17.59
Secondary school	1.35	2.51**	4.65
Pre-university studies	0.87	1.40	2.23
University
Contact with dementia
Yes	0.33	−0.49***	0.73
No

Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento R. Vergueiro, 1353 sl.1404 - Ed. Top Towers Offices, Torre Norte, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 04101-000, Tel.: +55 11 5084-9463 | +55 11 5083-3876 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistadementia@abneuro.org.br | demneuropsy@uol.com.br

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[1] Zoylen Fernández-Fleites. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Psychology Department, Carretera de Camajuaní, km 5½– 54830 Santa Clara, Villa Clara – Cuba. E-mail: zfernandez@uclv.cu