The presence of depressive symptoms and cognitive performance among older individuals with and without self-reported chronic diseases

Silva, Thaís Bento Lima da; Ordonez, Tiago Nascimento; Silva, Guilherme Alves da; Souza, Maria Antônia Antunes de; Silva, Sabrina Aparecida da; Santos, Gabriela dos; Gutierrez, Beatriz Aparecida Ozello; Moreira, Ana Paula Bagli; Costa, Laydiane Alves; Moraes, Luiz Carlos de; Lessa, Patrícia Prata; Cardoso, Neide Pereira; Sakaguchi, Mitsuru; Silva, Henrique Salmazo da; Brucki, Sonia Maria Dozzi

doi:10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0035

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Dementia & Neuropsychologia

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Original Article • Dement. neuropsychol. 17 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0035 copy

The presence of depressive symptoms and cognitive performance among older individuals with and without self-reported chronic diseases

A presença de sintomas depressivos e o desempenho cognitivo entre pessoas idosas com e sem doenças crônicas autorreferidas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

Dementias secondary to cardiovascular diseases are the second cause of neurogenerative diseases. These conditions can be prevented by controlling risk factors, and it is necessary to observe the relationship between chronic diseases.

Objective:

to know the influence of chronic non-communicable diseases on cognition and depressive symptoms in the elderly, amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

578 older adults were evaluated using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and an open questionnaire related to NCDs.

Results:

the association of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) with age, depressive symptoms and schooling was confirmed.

Conclusion:

no association with cognitive decline was evident due to the relationship of high schooling of participants and control of NCDs.

Keywords:
Chronic Disease; Cognition; Depression; Aged; COVID-19

Variable		Overall		Without NCD Group		With NCD Group
Variable		n=578	%	n=140	%	n=438	%
Sex	Female	446	77.16	102	72.86	344	78.53	0.163^* * chi-square test
Sex	Male	132	22.84	38	27.14	94	21.46	0.163^* * chi-square test
Age	Mean (SD)	67.73 (5.65)		66.33 (4.65)		68.18 (5.86)		0.002^† † Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples.
	Median	67.00		65.00		67.00
	Min-Max	60.00-90.00		60.00-78.00		60.00-90.00
Education	Mean (SD)	15.17 (3.75)		16.29 (3.46)		14.82 (3.77)		<0.001^† † Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples.
	Median	15.00		16.00		15.00
	Min-Max	0.00-30.00		8.00-28.00		0.00-30.00
Marital status	Married	280	48.44	64	45.71	216	49.31	0.493^* * chi-square test
	Divorced	107	18.51	32	22.86	75	17.12
	Single	108	18.69	24	17.14	84	19.18
	Widowed	83	14.36	20	14.29	63	14.38
Socioeconomic level	A1 (R$ 22,716.99)	22	3.81	10	6.06	12	2.91	0.100^* * chi-square test
	A2 (R$ 22,716.99)	24	4.15	4	2.42	20	4.84
	B1 (R$ 10,427.74)	139	24.57	44	31.43	95	23.00
	B2 (R$ 5,449.60)	140	24.57	42	30.00	98	23.73
	C1 (R$ 3,042.47)	107	18.51	22	13.33	85	20.58
	C2 (R$ 1,805.91)	50	8.65	11	6.67	39	9.44
	D (R$ 813.56)	19	3.29	6	3.64	13	3.15
	E (R$ 813.56)	12	2.08	1	0.61	11	2.66
	Missing	65	10.38	0	0.00	65	14.84

Variable		Overall	Without NCD Group	With NCD Group	p-value
Variable		n=578	n=140	n=438	p-value
GDS-15	Mean (SD)	2.55 (2.31)	2.03 (2.02)	2.72 (2.38)	<0.001
	Median	2.00	1.50	2.00
	Min-Max	0.00 – 12.00	0.00-12.00	0.00-12.00
BRAZTEL	Mean (SD)	20.27 (1.48)	20.38 (1.33)	20.24 (1.52)	0.487
	Median	21.00	21.00	20.00
	Min-Max	14.00 – 22.00	16.00-22.00	14.00-22.00

Variable		No. NCDs	Age	Education	S. Level	GDS15
1. Number of NCDs	Spearman´s rho	—
1. Number of NCDs	p-value	—
2. Age	Spearman´s rho	0.198	—
2. Age	p-value	<0.001	—
3. Education (years)	Spearman´s rho	-0.163	-0.161	—
3. Education (years)	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	—
4. Socioeconomic level	Spearman´s rho	-0.081	-0.088	0.239	—
4. Socioeconomic level	p-value	0.051	0.035	<0.001	—
5. GDS15	Spearman´s rho	0.196	0.010	-0.120	—
5. GDS15	p-value	<0.001	0.806	0.004	—
6. Braztel	Spearman´s rho	-0.034	-0.053	0.172	-0.072	—
6. Braztel	p-value	0.411	0.204	<0.001	0.085	—

Model	Deviation	AIC	BIC	df	ΔX²	p
1	636.591	638.591	642.947	575
2	619.821	623.821	632.533	574	16.770	<0.001
3	610.342	616.342	629.410	573	9.479	0.002
4	601.781	609.781	627.205	572	8.561	0.003

Model	Parameter	Estimate	Standard error	z	Wald test
Model	Parameter	Estimate	Standard error	z	Wald statistic	df	p
1	(Intercept)	1.145	0.097	11.763	138.367	1	<0.001
2	(Intercept)	2.879	0.459	6.276	39.382	1	<0.001
2	Education (years)	-0.111	0.028	-3.956	15.646	1	<0.001
3	(Intercept)	-1.198	1.436	-0.834	0.696	1	0.404
	Education (years)	-0.103	0.029	-3.567	12.722	1	<0.001
	Age	0.059	0.020	2.963	8.780	1	0.003
4	(Intercept)	-1.685	1.462	-1.153	1.329	1	0.249
	Education (years)	-0.096	0.029	-3.271	10.698	1	0.001
	Age	0.059	0.020	2.977	8.865	1	0.003
	GDS15	0.142	0.052	2.758	7.604	1	0.006

Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento R. Vergueiro, 1353 sl.1404 - Ed. Top Towers Offices, Torre Norte, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 04101-000, Tel.: +55 11 5084-9463 | +55 11 5083-3876 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistadementia@abneuro.org.br | demneuropsy@uol.com.br

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[1] Correspondence: Thais Bento Lima-Silva; Email: gerontologathais@gmail.com.