Silêncio mortal: a (falta de) acesso à informação por surdos brasileiros no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19

Nascimento, Gabriel Silva Xavier; Xavier, Eliezer Willian Simões Nascimento; Fidalgo, Sueli Salles

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Articles • DELTA 38 (1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-460X202257313 copiar

Silêncio mortal: a (falta de) acesso à informação por surdos brasileiros no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Embora a Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras - tenha sido legalmente reconhecida em 2002, o acesso dos surdos à informação interpretada, especialmente nos meios de comunicação, é ainda muito precário. No contexto da pandemia, o acesso à informação e orientação na primeira língua pode ser decisivo para cuidar e manter a vida. Com isto em mente, este artigo aponta as barreiras experimentadas pelos Surdos no Brasil, considerando a ausência de tradutores e intérpretes de Língua de Sinais na grande mídia, bem como nos canais de entidades responsáveis por explicações e orientações sobre cuidados e prevenção, como se viu no caso do contágio e divulgação do novo Coronavírus. Procuramos também refletir sobre os efeitos sócio-emocionais causados pela falta de informações claras, e seus riscos que resultam em preocupação e pânico. Para isso, assumimos uma perspectiva qualitativa de investigação partindo da coleta de depoimentos que nos permitiram evidenciar a urgência de maior acessibilidade no contexto dos meios de comunicação, e os riscos resultantes da ausência de informações precisas para Surdos.

Palavras-chave:
Acessibilidade para Surdos; Língua Brasileira de Sinais; Grande Mídia; Pandemia

Signification	Participants’ answers
Understanding requires more information than knowing that it is a virus.	P1 It’s the combination of two words.
Homographs can make it more difficult to understand	P2. I saw on Google that Corona means beer and virus, it’s the spreading and contamination of the virus.
Comparison and metaphors allow for an image to be formed	P3. It’s like the zombie films, except that there, in order to transmit the disease, they need to bite once, but with coronavirus it is quicker, it can contaminate five people or more at once.
Knowing the context and history might enable understanding. But getting information in the grapevine makes it more difficult	P4. Very complicated; it started in China (...) I don’t know how it started; people say it is because of a dead armadillo; others say it is due to eating dead animals, but I don’t know for real.
	P1. It started in Japan (two participants answered this)

Signification	Participants’ answers
Danger of contamination and death	P5. It is a dangerous disease that can kill quickly. (...) and contagion is quite quick too.
Similarities in past epidemic events	P6. It’s a disease like SARS-CoV-2

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E-mail: delta@pucsp.br

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[1] We, Gabriel Silva Xavier Nascimento, Eliezer Willian Simões Nascimento Xavier and Sueli Salles Fidalgo, hereby state, to whom it may concern, that there is no potential conflict of interest in the study here presented for publication. We all worked collaboratively to conceptualize the text and to analyze the data. The three authors are in agreement with the final version and are responsible for all the aspects found in the text, attesting to its truthfulness and integrity.

A. Questions intended to obtain information about their deafness or hearing loss conditions; the means by which they communicate; what they consider to be their first and second languages.	1. Were you born deaf or did you eventually lose your hearing?
	2. Which one do you consider your first language, Portuguese or Libras?
	3. Can you read and comprehend written texts in Portuguese?
	4. Can you lip read?
B. Questions intended to gain knowledge about their sources of information.	5. Do you watch the news? If so, how do you manage to understand what is reported?
	6. If not, what is your main source of information?
C. Questions intended to verify their knowledge about basic issues related to coronavirus and Covid-19, as well as their means to reach those information, and lastly socio-emotional aspects in the pandemic context.	7. What do you know about coronavirus?
	8. What do you know about Covid-19?
	9. Where and how did you get this information?
	10. How can you avoid the contagion?
	11. Is there any medication or vaccine to prevent the virus?
	12. Which people are in the risk group?
	13. Do you think that only people in the group of risk can be affected?
	14. Do you know how many people have died due to Covid-19 in Brazil so far?
	15. What is your main source of information about the pandemic?
	16. Do you fear being contaminated by coronavirus?
	17. Could you adhere to social distancing?
	18. How do you feel about the pandemic?
	19. How do you feel about social distancing?
	20. How do you feel about the lack of Sign Language interpreters in mainstream media?