Assessment of light intensity and salinity regimes on the element levels of brown macroalgae, <i>Treptacantha barbata</i>: Application of response surface methodology (RSM)

AK, İlknur; ÇANKIRILIGİL, Ekrem Cem; TÜRKER, Gülen; SEVER, Onur

doi:10.1590/fst.25220

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 41 (4) • Oct-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.25220 copy

Assessment of light intensity and salinity regimes on the element levels of brown macroalgae, Treptacantha barbata: Application of response surface methodology (RSM)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this research, the effect of light intensity and salinity regimes on the element levels of Treptacantha barbata (formerly Cystoseira barbata) was studied, and the elemental compositions of this brown alga collected from wild stocks also compared with cultured ones. In culture trials, 11 different experiments that have ranges of light intensity as 50 to 150 µmol photon m^-2s^-1 and salinity as 24 ‰ to 42 ‰ were designed according to response surface methodology (RSM). Our results show that the element accumulation with changes of light intensity and salinity on the T. barbata was modeled. Most of the elements were affected by the salinity instead of light intensity. All macro and microelements were detected within the recommended dosages and exposure limits. In toxic elements, the least accumulations of Al, As, Cd, and Pb were observed in low light and salinity. Also, the levels of all toxic elements, including trace elements that exceed limits, can be reduced with using these models. The most effective experiment was found as 52.0001 µmol photon m^-2s^-1 light and 24.086 ‰ salinity for minimized toxic element accumulation on T. barbata with 0.869 desirability.

Keywords:
Brown algae; salinity; light intensity; seaweed; Cystoseira barbata

Elements (ppm)	Wild	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5^* * T1: Trial 1, T2: Trial 2, T3: Trial 3, T4: Trial 4, T5: Trial 5. Data were expressed as Mean ± SD (n = 3). Means with different superscript letters in a line are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Ca	19810.41 ± 15.78^a	17247.29 ± 15.85^f	17963.89 ± 13.55^b	17636.49 ± 5.64^d	17710.22 ± 11.69^c	17419.28 ± 9.67^e
Fe	116.86 ± 1.42^e	323.82 ± 1.21^a	310.64 ± 1.14^b	227.98 ± 1.14^c	225.32 ± 1.08^c	177.33 ± 1.10^d
K	12025.00 ± 16.64^f	55494.33 ± 17.45^b	56244.37 ± 19.50^a	51455.64 ± 14.96^e	52132.44 ± 18.53^c	52025.12 ± 14.80^d
Mg	5587.75 ± 9.84^f	7609.25 ± 7.32^a	7575.33 ± 6.08^b	7428.15 ± 7.32^c	7312.80 ± 5.21^d	7136.10 ± 4.12^e
Na	20638.00 ± 28.56^f	24563.33 ± 26.56^d	23104.90 ± 27.29^e	31107.50 ± 25.21^a	30156.63 ± 25.13^b	24625.17 ± 27.11^c
P	194.19 ± 1.64^d	248.01 ± 1.87^ab	250.26 ± 1.01^a	198.76 ± 1.32^c	196.35 ± 1.48^cd	224.25 ± 1.65^b
Ag	0.03 ± 0.01^b	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.08 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.01^a
B	19.68 ± 0.38^f	40.80 ± 0.22^b	42.56 ± 0.13^a	33.68 ± 0.13^d	35.12 ± 0.13^c	33.06 ± 0.14^e
Co	0.09 ± 0.01^d	0.19 ± 0.01^b	0.17 ± 0.02^b	0.22 ± 0.02^ab	0.25 ± 0.01^a	0.12 ± 0.01^c
Cr	2.60 ± 0.02^a	1.63 ± 0.02^b	1.18 ± 0.02^c	0.99 ± 0.03^e	1.02 ± 0.01^e	1.10 ± 0.01^d
Cu	0.43 ± 0.09^d	0.89 ± 0.02^a	0.78 ± 0.01^b	0.69 ± 0.02^c	0.72 ± 0.01^c	0.47 ± 0.03^d
Mn	5.26 ± 0.09^f	12.60 ± 0.07^a	11.16 ± 0.05^b	10.52 ± 0.06^c	9.63 ± 0.03^d	9.06 ± 0.04^e
Mo	0.18 ± 0.03^f	1.15 ± 0.02^c	1.02 ± 0.02^d	1.64 ± 0.02^a	1.54 ± 0.02^b	0.34 ± 0.03^e
Ni	0.75 ± 0.04^d	0.85 ± 0.02^c	0.86 ± 0.02^c	0.93 ± 0.02^b	0.94 ± 0.02^b	0.99 ± 0.02^a
Sb	0.03 ± 0.01^b	0.03 ± 0.01^b	0.05 ± 0.01^a	0.04 ± 0.01^ab	0.04 ± 0.01^ab	0.03 ± 0.01^b
Se	0.04 ± 0.01^e	0.10 ± 0.01^b	0.15 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.01^cd	0.08 ± 0.01^c	0.06 ± 0.01^d
Sn	0.80 ± 0.09^a	0.52 ± 0.02^b	0.50 ± 0.04^b	0.28 ± 0.01^c	0.28 ± 0.01^c	0.55 ± 0.03^b
Zn	0.79 ± 0.08^d	1.58 ± 0.05^a	1.55 ± 0.04^a	1.31 ± 0.04^b	1.32 ± 0.02^b	1.24 ± 0.03^c
Al	238.59 ± 1.59^c	240.35 ± 1.68^c	239.56 ± 1.62^c	245.19 ± 1.79^b	250.12 ± 1.73^a	250.51 ± 1.86^a
As	110.91 ± 1.82^a	88.40 ± 1.21^d	88.56 ± 1.23^d	98.87 ± 1.01^bc	99.56 ± 0.94^b	97.28 ± 1.07^c
Cd	1.45 ± 0.26^a	0.08 ± 0.01^c	0.08 ± 0.01^c	0.14 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.01^b	0.05 ± 0.01^d
Hg	0.03 ± 0.01^a	0.01 ± 0.01^b	0.01 ± 0.01^b	0.01 ± 0.01^b	0.01 ± 0.01^b	0.01 ± 0.01^b
Pb	0.50 ± 0.02^b	0.54 ± 0.02^a	0.55 ± 0.02^a	0.52 ± 0.02^ab	0.50 ± 0.02^b	0.45 ± 0.01^c

Yⁱ^* * Yi: Response; SS: Sum of squares; MS: Mean squares; SGNF: Significance; S: Significant; NS: Not significant; F-value: Variance between the means; P-value: The probability of obtaining results.	Type	SS	MS	F-value	P-value (Prob > F)				SGNF
	Type	SS	MS	F-value	Model	A:Light	B:Salinity	A×B	SGNF
Ag	2FI	0.0001	0.0001	2.48	0.1156	0.1447	0.1832	0.1135	NS
Al	Linear	190.6101	95.3126	8.62	0.0048	0.3015	0.0017	-	S
As	Linear	346.2502	173.1302	73.05	<0.0001	0.6437	<0.0001	-	S
B	Linear	166.56	83.2804	16.74	0.0003	0.2368	0.0001	-	S
Ca	2FI	792218	264100	24.11	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.2861	<0.0001	S
Cd	Linear	0.0101	0.0051	5.87	0.0167	0.7953	<0.0001	-	S
Co	Linear	0.0081	0.0043	2.76	0.1031	0.8859	0.0371	-	NS
Cr	2FI	0.7902	0.2616	51.91	<0.0001	0.0002	<0.0001	<0.0001	S
Cu	Linear	0.0601	0.0317	1.55	0.2515	0.6126	0.1179	-	NS
Fe	Linear	24804.1	12402.1	6.91	0.0101	0.7519	0.0030	-	S
Hg	Linear	0.0001	0.0001	24.45	0.1285	0.7375	0.0494	-	NS
K	Linear	5135×10⁴	2568×10⁴	39.27	<0.0001	0.1524	<0.0001	-	S
Mg	Linear	164305	82159.1	3.36	0.0693	0.4244	0.0302	-	NS
Mn	Linear	13.8203	6.9111	9.11	0.0039	0.0392	0.0037	-	S
Mo	Linear	0.8114	0.4012	2.01	0.1785	0.6685	0.0750	-	NS
Na	Linear	143×10⁶	7149×10⁴	51.90	<0.0001	0.1008	<0.0001	-	S
Ni	Linear	0.0172	0.0085	4.06	0.0450	0.7584	0.0151	-	S
P	2FI	8102.99	2701.01	16209	<0.0001	0.0965	<0.0001	<0.0001	S
Pb	2FI	0.0143	0.0046	21.91	<0.0001	0.0051	<0.0001	0.0513	S
Sb	2FI	0.0008	0.0003	10.49	0.0015	0.0040	0.4131	0.0015	S
Se	Linear	0.0096	0.0048	12.02	0.0014	0.0396	0.0010	-	S
Sn	Linear	0.1711	0.0831	17.45	0.0003	0.8272	<0.0001	-	S
Zn	Linear	0.1912	0.0932	11.25	0.0018	0.8276	0.0005	-	S

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[1] *Corresponding author: ilknurak@gmail.com