Comparative study on the quality of oil extracted from two tucumã varieties using supercritical carbon dioxide

COSTA, Bárbara Elizabeth Teixeira; SANTOS, Orquídea Vasconcelos dos; CORRÊA, Nádia Cristina Fernandes; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de

doi:10.1590/1678-457X.0094

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Food Science and Technology

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 36 (2) • Apr-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.0094 copy

Comparative study on the quality of oil extracted from two tucumã varieties using supercritical carbon dioxide

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The vast Amazon region has considerable territorial peculiarities and plant species diversity, sometimes from the same botanical family, which can exhibit significant differences in physicochemical properties. From this diversity, two species stand out – Amazonas tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) and Pará tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.). The research focus is to analyze, comparatively, these oleaginous fruits, their similarities, particularities and potentials regarding the oil quality extracted from two tucumã varieties from the states of Amazonas and Pará, obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide, under different extraction parameters. The results demonstrate the biometric particularities of each species, highlighting the Amazon fruit, which also showed higher oil yield using supercritical CO₂ extraction. The fatty acid quality and profile aspects of the oils show their unsaturated predominance, considering carotenoid content and how the extraction temperature can influence the nutritional quality of the oils. The statistical analyses indicated that the Amazon tucumã oil is superior to the Pará tucumã oil. However, in terms of added value both oils have potential applications in various industrial segments.

Keywords:
Tucumã; oil; supercritical

Sample	Property	AT	(TPA)
Whole fruit	Mass (g)	61.17 ± 8.65^a	27.23 ± 4.42^b
	Length (cm)	4.98 ± 0.40^a	4.20 ± 0.27^b
	Diameter (cm)	4.63 ± 0.23^a	3.30 ± 0.21^b
Hull	Mass (g)	10.65 ± 1.52^a	5.65 ± 1.00^b
Hull	Thickness (cm)	0.18 ± 0.03^a	0.16 ± 0.03^b
Pulp	Mass (g)	17.14 ± 4.52^a	10.09 ± 1.91^b
Pulp	Thickness (cm)	0.25 ± 0.08^a	0.32 ± 0.06^b
Seed	Mass (g)	36.81 ± 4.37^a	13.53 ± 1.76^b
	Length (cm)	3.91 ± 0.39^a	2.57 ± 0.19^b
	Diameter (cm)	3.84 ± 0.25^a	3.29 ± 0.22^b

Species	Temperature (oC)	Extracted oil (g)	Yield (%)
ATO	60	30.52 ± 0.65^a	92.0
	50	31.61 ± 0.33^a	95.5
	40	31.89 ± 0.32^a	96.3
PTO	60	23.80 ± 0.64^a	79.8
	50	22.25 ± 1.14^a	74.6
	40	21.05 ± 0.35^b	70.6

[°C]	Water [%]	I. A. [mg KOH/g]	I. P. [mE/kg]	I. S. [mg KOH/g]
ATO - 40	85 ± 10^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	19.1 ± 0.2^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	11.8 ± 0.0^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	196.2 ± 0.5^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).
ATO - 50	136 ± 5^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	20.3 ± 0.1^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	11.8 ± 0.0^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	196.1 ± 0.2^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).
ATO - 60	164 ± 8^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	20.3 ± 0.1^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	11.8 ± 0.0^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	196.3 ± 0.1^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).
PTO - 40	192 ± 20b	6.4 ± 0.1b	13.8 ± 0.0b	209.5 ± 0.2b
PTO - 50	158 ± 6b	6.5 ± 0.2 b	13.8 ± 0.1b	209.9 ± 0.2b
PTO - 60	104 ± 5b	6.5 ± 0.1 b	13.8 ± 0.1b	208.6 ± 0.2b

	Viscosity [cSt]	Melting point [^oC]
AT - 40	41.8 ± 0.1^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	19.1 ± 0.2^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).
AT - 50	42.0 ± 0.2^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	20.3 ± 0.1^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).
AT - 60	42.2 ± 0.1^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	20.3 ± 0.1^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).
PT - 40	44.2 ± 0.1b	19.5 ± 0.7b
PT - 50	45.8 ± 0.1b	20.5 ± 0.7b
PT - 60	46.1 ± 0.4b	20.5 ± 0.7b

Extraction Methods		Tucumã Oil (AM)	Tucumã Oil (PA)
supercritical CO₂	60 ºC	1021^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	2077b
	50 ºC	1006^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	2065b
	40 ºC	1065^a a and b in the same line: represent significant differences between species (Tukey test at 5% significance).	2101b

FATTY ACIDS	Fatty acid profile%
	40 ^oC		50 ^oC		60 ^oC
	ATO	PTO	ATO	PTO	ATO	PTO
Palmitic Acid (C16:0)	8.46	23.10	7.89	26.49	8.04	22.60
Stearic Acid (C18:0)	6.72	5.08	6.07	0.85	6.12	5.16
Oleic Acid (C18:1)	72.50	64.14	71.97	71.77	73.81	65.38
Linoleic Acid (C18:2)	12.14	3.90	11.90	0.00	12.03	3.68
Arachidonic Acid (C20:0)	0.00	2.18	1.89	0.00	0.00	2.10
Docosanoico Acid (C22:0)	0.10	0.59	ND	ND	ND	ND
Others not identified	0.08	1.01	0.28	0.90	0.0	1.07
TOTAL	≈ 100	≈ 100	≈ 100	≈ 100	≈ 100	≈ 100

Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Av. Brasil, 2880, Caixa Postal 271, 13001-970 Campinas SP - Brazil, Tel.: +55 19 3241.5793, Tel./Fax.: +55 19 3241.0527 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@sbcta.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Corresponding author: orquideavs@usp.br